老年认知健康促进的新途径:生活方式干预  

New Approach to Promote Cognitive Well-Being in the Elderly:Lifestyle Interventions

作　　者：孙雅雯 王颖[1,2] 陈天勇 韩布新[1,2] Sun Yawen;Wang Ying;Chen Tianyong;Han Buxin(CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Beijing,100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系

出　　处：《社区心理学研究》2023年第2期145-164,共20页Community Psychology Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“心理调适对老年健康的影响和干预作用项目”(项目编号:2020YFC2003000);中国科学院心理研究所自主部署项目(项目编号:E2CX3715CX)的资助

摘　　要：认知功能在老年阶段随年龄减退甚至受损,如何促进老年人的认知健康受到普遍关注。近期研究提示,生活方式与认知健康关系密切,老年认知健康促进的主要途径逐渐由实验室的认知训练转向各种类型的生活方式干预。本文发现:在身体活动方面,中高强度活动量与认知功能获益在一定范围内存在剂量效应,低强度活动和传统养生运动对老年认知健康也有促进作用;在智力活动方面,受教育或参与智力活动越多,晚年认知功能越好;在社会活动方面,老年人参与社会活动越多,特别是与朋友越积极互动,认知功能越好。关于生活方式对老年认知健康影响机制的研究,在身体活动方面较为深入,而在智力和社会活动方面尚处于起步阶段。未来研究应更多关注整合性的生活方式干预,为主动健康的新理念提供可选途径和科学依据。Cognitive function declines or even impairs with aging,how to promote cognitive well-being in the elderly has been widely concerned.Recent studies have suggested that there is a close relationship between lifestyle and cognitive well-being,and the main way to promote cognitive well-being has been gradually shifted from cognitive trainings in the laboratory to various types of lifestyle interventions.In terms of physical activity,there is a dose effect between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity(MVPA)and cognitive benefits in a certain range.Low intensity activity and traditional health exercise can also promote cognitive well-being in the elderly.In terms of intellectual activities,the better educated or more involved in intellectual activities,the better cognitive well-being in later life.In terms of social activities,more social activities,especially active interactions with friends,help maintain better cognitive well-being.The studies on the mechanism of lifestyle influence on cognitive well-being have been more in-depth in the aspect of physical activity,but still in initial stage in intelligence and social activity.Future researches should focus more on integrated lifestyle interventions to provide alternative approaches and scientific basis for the new concept of active health.

关 键 词：老年认知 身体活动 智力活动 社会活动 认知健康 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理] B842.1[社会学]