嘉峪关长城博物馆馆藏魏晋画像砖颜料的原位无损分析  

Non-Destructive In-Situ Analysis of the Pigments from Wei and Jin Dynasty Portrait Bricks Collected in the Jiayuguan Great Wall Museum

作　　者：刘妍妤 张晓东[1] 王春梅[1] 梁永斌 LIU Yanyu;ZHANG Xiaodong;WANG Chunmei;LIANG Yongbin(Jiayuguan Great Wall Museum,Jiayuguan 735100,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉峪关长城博物馆,甘肃嘉峪关735100

出　　处：《石窟与土遗址保护研究》2023年第1期57-68,共12页Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites

基　　金：嘉峪关市科技计划项目(20-40)

摘　　要：素有“地下画廊”之称的嘉峪关新城魏晋壁画墓是人类文明史上的重大发现,墓葬出土的彩绘画像砖为研究该时期的历史发展、社会生活及绘画技法提供了重要依据。综合应用便携式X-射线荧光(XRF)、拉曼光谱和数码显微镜等分析设备,对嘉峪关长城博物馆馆藏魏晋画像砖颜料进行无损分析。通过对砖画表面微观形貌的观察以及颜料元素与显色分子拉曼光谱的相互印证分析确定了砖画使用的白、黑、红、黄四种颜料的化学成分,研究结果为:白色颜料主要成分为石膏和方解石,黑色颜料为炭黑,红色颜料为朱砂和赤铁矿,黄色颜料为钒铅矿、砷铅矿和钼铅矿。研究工作还显示,X-射线荧光光谱(XRF)和拉曼光谱技术的互补结合,可以准确鉴别砖壁画中使用的大多数矿物颜料,且在文物颜料成分鉴定方面体现了简便、快速、准确、无损等优异性能,研究结果为馆藏画像砖修复与保护方案的制定提供了科学依据。The mural tombs of the Wei and Jin dynasties in Jiayuguan are often known as an“underground gallery”that contains inestimable artistic,historic and cultural value,and represents a major discovery in the history of human civilization.Portable X-ray fluorescence(XRF)spectrometry,Raman spectroscopy and digital microscopy were combined to perform a non-destructive analysis of the pigments used to paint the portrait bricks in the tombs,which are now collected in the Jiayuguan Great Wall Museum.Through observation of themicro-morphology of the surface of the paintings,together with a comprehensive analysis of the pigments and chromogenic molecule Raman spectrum,this study has identified four types of pigments,including white,black,red and yellow.Chemical analysis of the pigments has shown that the white pigments are mainly composed of gypsum and calcite,the black is carbon black,the red is cinnabar and hematite,and the yellow is vanadinite,mimetite and wulfenite.In terms of research methodology,this study has also proven that the combination of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF)and Raman spectroscopy can accurately identify the mineral pigments in rock brick paintings,and that this techniquehas the advantages of being simple,fast,accurate and non-destructive.These results are meant to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of a plan for the restoration and protection of portrait bricks currently held in museum collections.

关 键 词：魏晋画像砖 颜料 拉曼光谱和X-射线荧光光谱 原位无损分析 

分 类 号：K879.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]