《<创世记>字解》:奥古斯丁《创世记》注解中的解经学与形而上学  

De Genesi ad litteram:Hermeneutics and Metaphysics in Augustine's Commentary on Genesis

作　　者： 陈彦孚(译) Johannes Brachtendorf(Institut fvr Philosophische Grundfragen der Theologie,Katholisch-Theologische Fakultat,Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen)

机构地区：[1]德国图宾根大学天主教神学系 [2]德国洪堡大学哲学系

出　　处：《圣经文学研究》2022年第2期1-32,共32页Journal for the Study of Biblical Literature

摘　　要：《<创世记>字解》是奥古斯丁最重要的著作之一,深刻影响了古代和中世纪的基督教宇宙论、哲学和解经学。在其中,他系统解释了《创世记》第1-3章中的创造叙事,包括创世、人类的受造、原罪和堕落等。然而,这也引发了如下重要问题,即人类如何得以把握圣经的真理,基督徒如何为其信仰辩护,回应异教哲学家和异端的诘难。本文将详细介绍并比较字义解经与其他解经方法。奥古斯丁认为,应当通过考察形而上学和历史性的现实,来着重理解《创世记》的字面意思,只有对个别文本才加以寓意解释。此外,他引入柏拉图主义哲学来阐发精神性存在与基督教宇宙论,并将其与保罗的解经学相结合,发展了基督教护教学。值得注意的是,奥古斯丁也依据其创造论形而上学根本性地改造了柏拉图主义。One of the most influential books in ancient and medieval Christian cosmology,philosophy and hermeneutics is Augustine's De Genesi ad litteram(The Literal Meaning of Genesis).In this work,he systematically interprets the creation narrative in Genesis 1-3 ranging from the creation of the world and human beings to the original sin and fall.Nevertheless,it gives rise to some critical questions.For example,how is it possible to grasp truths of the Bible?How can Christians justify their faith so as to counter the criticisms from both pagan philosophers and heresies?In this essay,we will provide an answer based on textual evidence from Augustine's work.Particularly,we will analyse his literal(ad litteram)interpretation of Genesis in relation to other exegetical methods he uses.As it will become clear,in Augustine's view,the literal meaning of Genesis must be highlighted by paying heed to both metaphysical and historical realities(facta).Nonetheless,we will point out that Augustine also applies the figurative interpretation to specific texts elsewhere.Additionally,Augustine introduces Platonism to elucidate spiritual beings and Christian cosmology and integrates it with the Pauline hermeneutics in order to develop his apologetics.It is also noteworthy that Augustine even fundamentally reconstructs Platonism in accordance with his metaphysics of creation.

关 键 词：奥古斯丁 《<创世记>字解》 字义解经 柏拉图主义 

分 类 号：B971.2[哲学宗教—宗教学]