松花江丰满大坝水域春季鱼类组成结构研究  

Study on fish composition and structure in the Fengman Dam waters of the Songhua River

作　　者：张志福 马卫忠 赵再兴 唐忠波 周家飞 王猛 ZHANG Zhifu;MA Weizhong;ZHAO Zaixing;TANG Zhongbo;ZHOU Jiafei;WANG Meng(Fengman Dam Reconstruction Project Construction Bureau,Jilin 132108,Jilin,China;PowerChina Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Guiyang 550081,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]丰满大坝重建工程建设局,吉林吉林132108 [2]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2020年第S02期6-10,共5页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

摘　　要：为了解丰满大坝水域鱼类群落结构及物种多样性现状,探讨丰满大坝建立对鱼类资源的影响,于2018年春季对该水域进行调查,共采集鱼类41种,隶属于6目9科32属。其中鲤科鱼类占优势,占总种类数的68.3%。优势种为褐栉鰕虎鱼(Ctenogobius brunneus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、黑龙江鳑鲏(Rhodeus sericeus)、北方条鳅(Nemacheilus toni)和棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)等9种,其中7种为小型鱼类,且丰满大坝上下水域鱼类优势种存在差异。不同水域鱼类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′,Margalef种类丰富度指数(D′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)存在差异,其中松花湖水域的鱼类多样性、丰富度和均匀度均最高,指数依次为2.42、3.89和0.761。结果表明,近年来鱼类小型化趋势较为严重,且丰满大坝的建立使得鱼类的群落结构及多样性发生了改变。Fish samples were collected in the waters of the Fengman Dam in spring 2018,a total of 41 fish species,representing 6 orders,9 families and 32 genera,with dominance by Cyprinids(68.3%of total species),and the aim is to understand the status of fish community structure and species diversity,and discuss the impact of the construction of Fengman Dam on fish resources.The dominant species were Ctenogobius brunneus,Cyprinus carpio,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Carassius auratus,Pseudorasbora parva,Zacco platypus,Rhodeus sericeus,Nemacheilus toni and Abbottina rivularis,and seven species were small fish,and the dominant species were different between the reach above and below of the Fengman Dam.The mean values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef richness index,and Pielou evenness index of the fish community were 2.42,3.89 and 0.761,respectively,and the three indexes of the Songhua lake were the highest.The results show that the fish miniaturization trend was more serious in recent years,and the fish community structure and species diversity were changes by the Fengman Dam.

关 键 词：丰满大坝 春季 群落结构 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]