中国向德国进行海外追赃的模式与难点突破  

Instruments and Remedies to the Problems Concerning Cross-border Recovery of Assets from Germany

作　　者：黄礼登[1] 杨涌 Huang Li-deng;Yang Yong

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学法学院 [2]四川省成都市新都区人民检察院

出　　处：《盛京法律评论》2022年第1期117-140,共24页Shengjing Law Review

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金项目《德奥瑞检察机关在国际刑事司法协助中的作用与我国的应对研究》(批准号:19BFX087)阶段性成果

摘　　要：虽然中国与德国并没有签署引渡或刑事司法协助条约,但中国在德国司法协助法律框架下能够通过三种模式进行海外追赃。在引渡随附移交财物的模式下,追赃成功与否直接受到死刑、政治犯罪等制约引渡本身因素的影响,中国需要处理好不判处死刑承诺的可信度问题,通过举证来强化德国法官关于非政治犯罪的确信;在执行外国没收裁决而移交或分享财物的模式下,中国的审判程序将受到德国法官的苛刻评判,特别是被追诉人归案后无法保证对特殊没收程序进行再审问题;为外国刑事侦查提供“其他协助”的模式具有查清在德涉案款物、以较低程序标准移交给中国的巨大优势,但同时也有权利纠纷风险和移交不彻底的局限。中国在寻求德国刑事司法协助时,根据案件情况,在法律层面进行精细的技术化应对,可以为克服无条约司法协助海外追赃的困境开辟道路。Although China has not signed an extradition or criminal judicial assistance treaty with Germany,there are three modes for overseas recovery of properties concerned in criminal cases under the legal framework of German judicial assistance.Under the model of extradition accompanied by the transfer of property,the success of recovery is directly affected by the death penalty,political crimes and other factors that restrict extradition itself,and the credibility of the promise not to impose the death penalty and the proof to strengthen the German judges’understanding of non-political crimes is very important;under the mode of implementing foreign confiscation rulings about transferring or sharing property,the Chinese trial procedures will be harshly judged by German judges,especially after the accused is brought back to the case,there is no guarantee that the special confiscation procedure will be retrial,that is one of fatal defect in the German judges’eyes.;the mode of providing"other assistance"for foreign criminal investigations has the huge advantage of clarifying the money and property involved in the German case and transferring it to China at a lower standard than the other procedure,but it also has the disadvantages of the risk of rights disputes and incomplete transfer.When our country seeks German criminal judicial assistance,according to the situation of the case,it can open the way for the difficult non-treaty judicial assistance by carrying out sophisticated technical responses at the legal level.

关 键 词：国际刑事司法协助 追赃没收程序 返还财物 德国 

分 类 号：D997.9[政治法律—刑法学]