美国空中权民事法律问题研究综述  

Summary of Civil Legal Issues of Air Rights in the United States

作　　者：薛玉飞 Xue Yufei

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院

出　　处：《盛京法律评论》2021年第2期149-173,共25页Shengjing Law Review

摘　　要：在美国,空中权是利用地表之上一定空间的权利,其制度形成是空中利用权与空域权利发展相结合的产物。空中空间利用问题的核心在于确定地表附属空间、该地表之上一定范围空间及公共空间(低空空域)的权利归属,其中,最关键的是确定空间竖向界限,以明晰空间权利边界。在解决空域权与空中权的权利冲突纠纷方面,美国司法裁判主要依据“固定高度”的空域产权理论。在理论上,美国学者的研究侧重空中权利归属、效力与保护等问题,大致概括为两方面:一是“财产权单一性”理论,包括分区理论、可有效占有理论、飞行役权理论等代表性观点;二是新兴“财产权二元论”观点。我国《民法典》物权编规定了建设用地使用权分层设立制度,但空中权理论没有突破地表权利的限制,美国空中权民事法律制度的研究成果,将有益于我国在空间视角下续造建设用地使用权空间权规则。In the United States,air rights are the right to use certain space above the surface of the earth,and the formation of its system is the product of the development of air rights.The core of air space utilization problem is to determine the ownership of the rights of the surface attached space,the space within a certain range above the surface and the public space(low altitude airspace),among which the most critical is to determine the vertical boundary of space to clarify the boundary of space rights.To resolve the conflict between airspace rights and air rights,American judicial judgment mainly relies on the theory of"fixed altitude"airspace property rights.Theoretically,the research of American scholars focuses on the ownership,effectiveness and protection of air rights,which can be roughly summarized into two aspects:one is the theory of"single property right",including representative viewpoints such as zoning theory,effective possession theory and flight servitude theory;The second is the emerging"dualism of property rights".However,the air rights theory has not broken through the restriction of surface rights.The research results of the civil legal system of air rights in the United States will be beneficial to the continuation of the space rights rules of the construction land use rights in China from the perspective of space.

关 键 词：空中权 空域权 空间边界 分区理论 财产权二元化理论 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] D913