辽宁省村民委员会民间借贷合同纠纷司法问题与对策研究  

Game Research to Judicial Problems of Loan Dispute of Villagers’Committee in Liaoning Province

作　　者：郭洁[1] Guo Jie

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院

出　　处：《盛京法律评论》2021年第1期35-69,共35页Shengjing Law Review

基　　金：最高人民法院2019年度司法案例研究课题“服务乡村振兴背景下村民委员会借贷合同纠纷司法问题与对策研究”的阶段成果。

摘　　要：通过典型案例检索和调研发现,辽宁省村民委员会借贷合同纠纷司法审判存在如下主要问题:一是村民委员会借贷合同主体认定的裁量标准多元且矛盾。二是村民委员会的主体地位及其界定依据模糊。三是法院审查村民委员会从事的借贷行为是否经过村民自治决议的授权,在司法实践中存在分歧。四是村民自治决议约束村民委员会借贷合同的裁判进路尚未统一。为有效解决上述司法审判问题,本报告提出四点建议。一是在借贷合同主体的司法选择上,应从严设置合同主体认定标准,将村民委员会负责人的签名和村民委员会的公章一并作为认定构成村民委员会借贷的法定要件。当借据上仅存在村主任之外的村干部签名时,应当将这类主体作为村民委员会借贷行为的"经办人",将"约定用途"与"记入村委会账目"结合在一起进行审查综合确定借款主体。二是明确村民委员会的主体定位是民事诉讼主体,而非责任的最终承担主体。承担责任的只能是实际从事借贷行为的、有过错的村干部个人或集体经济组织。三是法院在认定借贷主体时,应当对村民自治决议进行主动审查。四是遵循代表权效果归属进路,将村民委员会违反村民自治决议程序而代表集体经济组织签订的借贷合同定位于效力待定的合同,结合出借人是否构成善意对合同效果归属进行认定。此外,当村民委员会的借贷行为未经村民自治决议并且相对人对该情形的认知难以成立善意时,应当根据借贷合同的履行是否有损集体经济组织利益对还款主体进行判断,以实现对合同双方主体利益的均衡保护。Through the typical case retrieval and investigation,the following main problems exist in the judicial trial of the loan contract disputes of the villagers’committee in Liaoning Province.First of all,the discretion standards for the identification of the subject of the loan contract by the villagers committee are diversified and contradictory.Secondly,the status of the villagers’committee and its definition basis are vague.Thirdly,it is authorized with the resolution of villagers’autonomy that whether the court should examine the lending behavior of the villagers’committee,which has many different points in judicial practice.Last,there is no unified way for the decision of villagers’autonomy resolution to restrict the loan contract of villagers’committee.In order to solve the judicial problems effectively,this report will put four legislative suggestions.Firstly,we should strictly set up the identification standard for the subject of the contract in the judicial choice,and take the signature of the person in charge of the villagers’committee and the official seal of the villagers’committee as the legal requirements for the identification of the main body of the loan contract.When there is only the signature of village cadres other than the village director on the IOU,this kind of subject should be regarded as the“agent”of the lending behavior of the village committee.Besides,the“agreed use”and“recorded in the accounts of the village committee”should be combined to examine and comprehensively determine the borrowing subject.The second is to make clear that the subject of the villagers’committee which is the subject of civil litigation and not the ultimate subject of responsibility.Only the individual village cadres or collective economic organizations who are actually engaged in the lending behavior and have faults can bear the responsibility.Thirdly,the court should take the initiative to review the resolution of villagers’self-government when determining the lending subject.The fo

关 键 词：村民委员会借贷纠纷 合同主体 村民自治决议 效力性强制规定 代表权归属 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]