公司解散清算中的义务重构——以去债权人中心化为视角  

Restructuring of Obligations in the Dissolution and Liquidation of Companies:From the Perspective of Decentralization of Creditors

作　　者：朱晓娟[1] 安晨曦 Zhu Xiaojuan;An Chenxi

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《盛京法律评论》2020年第2期45-68,共24页Shengjing Law Review

摘　　要：公司解散清算存在"解散"与"清算"两个阶段。公司解散之后,除非是行政解散,否则公司能力不受到任何限制。仅在成立清算组之后,才进入清算阶段,进入清算阶段后才会将公司能力限制在清算事项之内。公司解散的效果仅为产生成立清算组的义务,而公司与股东、债权人的法律关系并未发生变化,因此相应的权利亦来自原先的法律关系,并非来自新的法律关系。在公司清算程序中,清算组具有类似管理人的地位,对股东负信义义务,而清算组与债权人之间仍然适用债之关系的相关规则。总之,清算组的义务均非来自于新的法律关系,无需特别规定;解散清算中债权人始终是通过债之关系与公司联系起来的外部人,因此不应给予其与破产清算相同的法律地位,否则将会发生债权人中心化的不当倾向。There are two phases of company dissolution and liquidation:“dissolution”and“liquidation”.After the company is dissolved,unless it is an administrative dissolution,the company’s capabilities are not subject to any restrictions.Only after the establishment of the liquidation team,will the liquidation phase be entered,and the company’s capabilities will be restricted to the liquidation matters after the liquidation phase.The effect of the company’s dissolution is only to create the obligation to establish a liquidation group,and the legal relationship between the company and its shareholders and creditors has not changed.Therefore,the corresponding rights also come from the original legal relationship,not from the new legal relationship.In the company’s liquidation process,the liquidation group has a similar status as a manager and assumes fiduciary duties to shareholders,while the relevant rules of the debt relationship still apply between the liquidation group and creditors.In short,the obligations of the liquidation team do not come from a new legal relationship,and no special regulations are required;in the dissolution and liquidation,the creditor is always an external person connected with the company through the debt relationship,so it should not be given the same legal status as the bankruptcy liquidation.Otherwise,there will be an improper tendency to centralize creditors.

关 键 词：公司解散 公司清算 公司能力 信义义务 债权人保护 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]