信托受托人免责条款效力探析——美国法的立场及其启示  

An Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Exculpatory Clause in Trust Terms——The Position of U.S.Law and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：汪怡安 楼建波[2] Wang Yian;Lou Jianbo

机构地区：[1]美国世达律师事务所北京办公室 [2]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《盛京法律评论》2020年第1期63-122,共60页Shengjing Law Review

摘　　要：本文考察了美国法对信托受托人免责条款效力的立场。美国各州的立场经历了由分歧到大致统一的过程。在美国法中,有关信托存在的因素,包括信托类型、受托人身份、受托人违反的义务类型中的谨慎义务和忠实义务,都可因法和政策选择的取舍和变化而被设置为默示规则,允许当事人约定排除。但是,为受益人的利益诚实善意地管理信托之义务,则被普遍认为是不可通过受托人免责条款进行排除的强制性规则,也是信托受托人义务不可削减的核心。This article observed the position of the U.S.laws on the effectiveness of the exculpatory clause for trustees,and found that the position of the states had undergone a process from disagreement to general unification.Factors which may affect the validity of the trust,including the type of trust,the identity of the trustee,and the duty of care and loyalty among the types of obligations breached by the trustee,may be set as default rules due to choices and changes in legal policy,which allows parties to agree to exclude such factors in the trust terms.However,the obligation to manage trust in good faith for the benefit of the beneficiaries is generally considered to be a mandatory rule that cannot be excluded through the exculpatory clauses in trust terms,and is deemed as the irreducible core of the trustee’s duties.

关 键 词：信托 免责条款效力 强制性规则 信托受托人义务核心 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.28