新时代看20世纪“社会主义经济核算”论争  

Rethinking the “Socialist Calculation” Debate in the New Era

作　　者：曾宪奎[1] Zeng Xiankui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2021年第3期59-68,91-92,共12页World Socialism Studies

摘　　要：20世纪20年代到40年代由米塞斯、兰格和哈耶克主导的关于"社会主义经济核算"的论战在理论和实践层面均有深远影响。但是,这一次论战具有许多历史局限性,使人们无法通过这场论战对于"社会主义制度是否可行"产生全面、深刻的理解。奥地利学派对苏联模式的批判建立在"静态眼光"基础上、忽视了政府干预经济的动态优化机制、无视社会主义体制的各项优势、忽略了苏联解体与东欧剧变原因的复杂性等。中国特色社会主义的蓬勃发展是对奥地利学派有力的驳斥,中国社会主义制度具有显著优势,将社会主义制度优势与市场经济配置资源的效率优势有机结合,不断自我完善的建构性制度体现出制度的动态效率优势,这种经济体制更加有利于技术发展。The debate on"socialist calculation",led by Mises,Lange and Hayek in the 1920 s and 1940 s,had profound theoretical and practical impacts.But this debate had many historical limitations and cannot possibly lead to a comprehensive and deep understanding of"whether the socialist system is feasible".The Austrian school made four theoretical mistakes in criticizing the Soviet model:their criticism was based on a"static vision";they ignored the dynamic optimizing mechanism of government intervention in the economy;they ignored the various advantages of a socialist system;they neglected the complexity of the causes of the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe.The vigorous development of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a powerful refutation of the Austrian school’s arguments.China’s socialist system has significant advantages:it organically combines the advantages of a socialist system with the efficiency related advantages of market economy in resource allocation;as a constantly self-improved constructive system,it demonstrates dynamic efficiency advantages;and its economic system is more conducive to technological development.

关 键 词：社会主义经济核算 奥地利学派 政府干预 中国特色社会主义 制度优势 

分 类 号：F091.3[经济管理—政治经济学]