韩国专利无效行政诉讼:两审终审或三审终审?  

Patent Invalidation Litigation in Korea:Two-Instance Trial System or Three-Instance Trial System?

作　　者：金世润 Seyoon KIM

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《私法》2022年第1期219-236,共18页Private Law Review

摘　　要：韩国对专利无效纠纷,要求在法院起诉之前必须经过行政审判程序(相当于中国无效宣告程序),即采用所谓的“强制性前置主义”。此外,韩国对不服该程序而向法院提起的专利无效行政诉讼采用二审终审制度,这是韩国司法制度普遍采用三审终审制度的例外。可以说,韩国专利无效行政审判程序实质上起到法院初审(一审)的功能。对于这种专利无效制度的设计,韩国一直存在其违宪性的讨论,即宪法保障公民的“裁判请求权”是否遭到了侵害。本文通过探讨韩国现行专利无效制度是否符合宪法以及其他国家如何设计该制度,从而提供在韩国运作专利无效制度明确的法律依据,并建立一个切实有效的相关纠纷救济途径。The administrative disputes over patent invalidation in South Korea must go through administrative trial procedures(equivalent to Declaration Procedure of Patent Invalidity in China)before prosecuting patent administrative litigation,that is,adopting the so-called"mandatory prepositive principle",which essentially serves as the court’s first trial.In addition,Korea adopts twoinstance trial system in patent administrative litigation,which is the exception of three-instance trial system generally adopted in the judicial system.For the design of this patent invalidity system,the Korean Bar Association constantly put forward its unconstitutional question,that is,the right of access to the courts has been infringed,and cannot reach social agreement.It is necessary to discuss whether the current system on patent invalidity in Korea is in accordance with the Constitution,and how the other countries design the system,thus this research try to confirm the legal basis for solving the dispute that exists in Korea,and establishes an effective right relief procedure.

关 键 词：专利无效 两审终审 三审终审 韩国 裁判请求权 违宪 

分 类 号：D931.26[政治法律—法学] D915.4