我国著作权立法中转换性使用理论的引入  

The Introduction of the Theory of Transformative Use in China’s Copyright Legislation

作　　者：虞婷婷 YU Tingting

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《私法》2022年第1期141-159,共19页Private Law Review

摘　　要：转换性使用契合合理使用促进文化层累、维系表达自由以及克服市场失灵的规范意旨,因此转换性使用的引入有其合理性。为缓解适用层面的模糊性,需要厘清转换性使用的范畴和地位。就范畴而言,转换性使用包括目的转换与内容转换,我国《著作权法》中既有的“适当引用”条款属于目的转换,但不能涵摄转换性使用的全部范畴。就地位而言,在合理使用分析中转换性因素通常优于商业性因素和质量因素,但仍需与市场影响因素综合考量。在此基础上,我国《著作权法》可供选择的路径有二:其一,新设合理使用兜底条款,在兜底条款项下解释转换性使用;其二,以转换性使用的实质内容修改“适当引用”条款,使该项合理使用类型更具弹性。Transformative use conforms to the legislative spirit of fair use,which promotes the accumulation of culture,maintains the freedom of expression,and overcomes market failure.Therefore,the introduction of transformative use has its reasonableness.To deal with the ambiguity in the application,it is necessary to clarify the scope and status of transformative use.As for its scope,transformative use includes purpose transformation and content transformation,and the appropriate quotation clause of China’s copyright law belongs to purpose transformation.In terms of status,the transformativeness is usually superior to the commerciality and the quality and quantity of use in the fair use analysis,but it still needs to be considered comprehensively with the market impact factor.On this basis,there are two alternative paths in China’s copyright law:first,establish a miscellaneous clause of fair use and interpret transformational use under this clause;Second,modify the“appropriate quotation”clause with the substance of transformative use to make this type of fair use more flexible.

关 键 词：合理使用 转换性使用 兜底条款 适当引用 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]