公司环境民事责任追究问题探究  

Research on the Accountability of Corporate Environmental Civil Liability

作　　者：方印[1,2,3,4] 黄晓霞 FANG Yin;HUANG Xiaoxia

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院 [2]贵州大学人口·社会·法制研究中心 [3]贵州省十大哲学社会科学创新团队“贵州大学生态法制创新团队” [4]贵州省环境资源法学研究会 [5]不详

出　　处：《私法》2021年第2期142-158,共17页Private Law Review

基　　金：2017年国家社科基金一般项目“大数据时代公众环境信息权的法律再造研究”(17BFX208);2017年贵州大学人文社科学术创新团队建设项目“我国生态环境法制及防震减灾法若干问题研究”(课题编号:GDT2017003)成果

摘　　要：加强公司环境责任追究是减少环境污染与生态破坏,全面推进绿色发展的重中之重。公司环境责任追究的重点与难点在于对公司环境民事责任的追究。公司环境民事责任追究具备充分的理论依据、必要的制度基础以及重要的现实意义。借鉴美国《特拉华州普通公司法》的相关规定,结合我国法律规定和典型案例,可从责任内容、责任主体、举证责任及责任审查监督四个方面构建公司环境民事责任追究的路径。首先,需准确界定公司的环境民事责任,综合运用公司环境民事责任的多种承担方式。其次,公司环境民事责任的主体不限于公司实体,应逐步健全公司环境民事责任主体制度,确保公司环境民事责任的追究落实到位。再次,应合理确定公司环境民事责任追究中的举证责任,避免环境污染侵权中举证责任完全倒置的弊端。最后,应从环境民事责任审查、环境法律政策引导以及社会公众监督三个方面强化对公司环境民事责任承担的审查监督。Strengthening company’s environmental responsibility investigation is important to reduce environmental pollution and ecological damage,can comprehensively promote green development.The key point and difficulty of the company’s environmental responsibility investigation is the investigation of the company’s environmental civil liability.The company’s environmental civil liability investigation has sufficient theoretical basis,necessary institutional foundation and important practical significance.Drawing on the relevant provisions of the Delaware General Company Law,combined with China’s legal provisions and typical cases,the path of corporate environmental civil liability investigation can be constructed from four aspects:responsibility content,responsibility subject,burden of proof and responsibility review and supervision.First of all,it is necessary to accurately define the company’s environmental civil liability and comprehensively apply the company’s environmental civil liability in a variety of ways.Secondly,the main body of the company’s environmental civil liability is not limited to corporate entities.The company’s environmental civil liability system should be gradually improved to ensure that the company’s environmental civil liability is put in place.Thirdly,it should reasonably determine the burden of proof in the company’s environmental civil liability investigation,and avoid the drawbacks of the inversion of the burden of proof in environmental pollution infringement.Finally,the review and supervision of the company’s environmental civil liability should be strengthened from three aspects:environmental civil liability review,environmental law policy guidance and public public supervision.

关 键 词：公司治理 环境民事责任 追究依据 追究路径 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.68[政治法律—法学]