美国亲子关系的推定与否认制度及其启示——基于美国新《统一亲子关系法》的考察  

The Presumption and Denial System of Parentage in the United States and Its Enlightenment:Based on the Investigation of the New American Uniform Parentage Act

作　　者：陈苇 郭庆敏[1] Chen Wei;Guo Qingmin

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院 [2]西南政法大学外国家庭法及妇女理论研究中心

出　　处：《私法》2020年第2期-,共21页Private Law Review

摘　　要：2017年7月,美国通过亲子关系法的最新成果——《统一亲子关系法》(2017年修订)。该新法中,无论子女的父母有无婚姻关系均继续以"子女"统一称谓;将同性父母与其子女、无婚姻关系的父母与其子女均纳入父母子女关系的调整范围;对亲子关系的确认兼采多种推定标准;对推定的亲子关系之否认采取双轨制,可通过行政程序或司法程序予以否认。美国该统一亲子关系法的最新改革依据子女平等、儿童最大利益的原则,坚持维护亲子关系的稳定性并兼顾亲子关系的真实性之立法理念,体现了联合国《儿童权利公约》等国际文献的精神。其立法理念及制度设计,对我国民法典婚姻家庭编增设亲子关系的推定与否认制度具有一定的借鉴意义。In July 2017,the United States passed the latest achievement of parentage act-the Uniform Parentage Act(2017).In this new act,regardless of whether the parents of a child have a marriage relationship,this child continue to be called"child";the same-sex parents and their children,parents without marriage and their children are included in the scope of parent-child relationship;several presumptive criteria have been adopted for the confirmation of parentchild relationship;the denial of presumed parentage can be denied through administrative or judicial procedures which is called a two-track system.The latest reform of the Parentage Act in the United States is based on the principle of equality of children and the best interests of child.It adheres to the legislative concept of maintaining the stability of parentage and taking into account the authenticity of it,and reflects the spirit of international documents such as the UNConvention on the Rights of the Child.Its legislative concept and system design have reference significance for the presumption and denial system of parent-child relationship in China’s Marriage and Family Law of Civil Code.

关 键 词：新《统一亲子关系法》 亲子关系 推定制度 否认制度 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD913.9