机手与麦客——一个公司型农场机械化的社会学研究  

Local Harvester Drivers and Foreign Reapers——A Sociological Study of the Mechanization of Agriculture Enterprise

作　　者：徐宗阳 Xu Zongyang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所

出　　处：《社会学研究》2021年第2期92-114,227-228,共25页Sociological Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“资本下乡的社会适应机制研究”(20CSH067)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文试图以资本下乡后一个公司型农场内收割机的闲置现象切入,展现农业机械化的实现过程及复杂逻辑。这个农场实现农业机械化的过程中出现了从使用机手到雇用麦客的转变。通过将机手和麦客这两类劳动力群体置于不同的社会结构和具体情境下,本文发现,这个农场机械化收割的失败与他们本身作为外来资本的身份以及本地机手以对待外人的行动逻辑与之相处密不可分。雇用麦客带来的机械化收割的成功则取决于麦客群内部的亲属关系、麦客经纪人与麦客之间的庇护关系以及麦客独特的社会身份。农业机械化并非简单依靠购入机械、升级设备就能实现,而是需要充分尊重并考虑村庄的社会结构和农民的观念心态。This study analyzes a case in which the harvesters of an agriculture enterprise were left unused during the harvest season,as the result of a transition from employing local harvester drivers to foreign reapers.By examining these two groups of local harvesters and foreign reapers within specific social structures and local contexts,this study finds that the unused harvesters were the outcome of the interaction between the foreign enterprise owner and the local harvester drivers.The success of employing foreign reapers,however,was determined by the kinship network of the reapers,their relationship with the reaper agents,and their social status as outsiders.The mechanization of agriculture cannot be achieved by the purchase and upgrade of machines.The social structure and public attitudes in the local context should also be taken into consideration.

关 键 词：资本下乡 农业机械化 麦客 跨区作业 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济] F324.1