清代秽语致妇女自尽案件中的因果关系及社会逻辑  

Causality and Social Logic in Cases of Female Suicides Caused by Profanity in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：吴运时 Wu Yunshi

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学法政学院

出　　处：《中国社会历史评论》2023年第1期98-116,297-298,共21页Chinese Social History Review

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重点项目“完善正确处理新形势下人民内部矛盾之大调解制度研究”(项目号:20AZD083)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：清代秽语致妇女自尽案件的相关规范被置于“威逼人致死”条之中。从其演变历史中可以看出,清代秽语致妇女自尽案件的规范越来越周密,刑罚也趋于严苛。行为与结果之间的因果关系是洞悉清代秽语致妇女自尽案件刑罚严苛性的视角。通过对相关规范和裁判过程的分析,发现清代秽语致妇女自尽案件中,只要行为与结果存在事实因果关系即只要符合“没有前者就没有后者”的逻辑,行为人就要负担刑责。具体表现为:行为人所要担责的后果范围被无限延展,无心之过不能阻却责任承担,秽语攻击对象和死者发生错位不能阻断因果关系,前行为人根据影响力为介入因素带来的后果担责。运用道德期待理论可以分析其社会逻辑,清初以来在儒家礼教主义兴起的背景下,统治者对男女角色的道德期待大为提高。对男性的道德期待为言行举止要更加合乎礼,对女性的道德期待为更加坚守忠贞的品格。这反映于礼法模式下的立法与司法,对女性出言不逊具有了法律上的可非难性,秽语致妇女自尽行为的入罪标准大为降低。但是,这种严法苛刑却变相刺激了妇女轻生。In the Qing Dynasty,the norms related to the cases of women committing suicide caused by Tourette’s language were placed in the article of“forcing people to die”.From its evolution history,it can be seen that the norms of the cases of women committing suicide caused by Tourette’s language in the Qing Dynasty became more and more elaborate,and the punishment tended to be harsh.The causal relationship between behavior and result is a perspective to understand the severity of punishment in cases of women committing suicide caused by Tourette’s language in the Qing Dynasty.Through the analysis of relevant norms and the judicial process,it is found that in cases of women committing suicide caused by Tourette’s language in the Qing Dynasty,as long as there is a factual causal relationship between the behavior and the result,that is,as long as it conforms to the logic of“no former,no latter”,the perpetrator should bear the criminal responsibility.The concrete manifestation is:the scope of consequences that the doer should take responsibility for is infinite extended;An honest mistake can not prevent responsibility;The misplacement of the victim and the victim cannot block the causal relationship;The former actor is responsible for the consequences of the intervening factors according to their influence.The moral expectation theory can be used to analyze its social logic.Since the early Qing Dynasty,under the background of the rise of Confucian ethics,the moral expectation of the rulers on the roles of men and women has been greatly improved.The moral expectation for men is to behave in a politer manner,and for women is to stick to a more faithful character.This is reflected in the legislation and judicature under the mode of etiquette and law.The indecent speech to women has the legal impugability,and the criminalization standard of women committing suicide caused by obscene language is greatly reduced.However,this harsh punishment in a disguised way encouraged women to commit suicide.

关 键 词：秽语致妇女自尽 事实因果关系 礼法社会 道德期待 轻情就重法 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] K249[历史地理—历史学]