试论历史书写中的女将形象——以《资治通鉴》为中心  

Images of Female Generals in History Writing:Focusing on History as a Mirror

作　　者：闫晶 Yan Jing

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中国语言文学系

出　　处：《中国社会历史评论》2023年第1期59-69,296,共12页Chinese Social History Review

摘　　要：在中国古代的历史书写中,女性形象并不多见,而与相夫教子、持家务内的传统女性模范形象背道而驰的女将在正史记载中更为难得一见,但是在《资治通鉴》这部庞大的官修史书中,相对其他史书而言对历代女将的记载却十分详尽。这些记载一定程度上能够说明司马光对女性能力和品格的尊重与认可,丰富了我们对古代女性群体的认识和想像。但这种对女将的赞述其实源于宋朝外患日益严重的社会背景,很难被视作作者反传统精神的体现。相反,司马光意图将女将作为对当时男性读者之教导的一部分,从而最终与其编撰《资治通鉴》以“叙国家之盛衰,著生民之休戚”的政治目的是相一致的。Female figures do not appear frequently in history records or writings in Ancient China,and the female generals who are the opposite of traditional female role models are particularly rare in the official historical records.However,in the famous official history book,History as a Mirror(Zi Zhi Tong Jian),the records of female generals of all dynasties are quite detailed and complete when comparing with other official history records.To a certain extent,these records can be explained as Sima Guang’s respect and recognition of women’s abilities,meanwhile enriching our understanding and imagination of ancient women figures.But,this kind of records on female generals actually originated from the social background of the increasingly serious foreign aggression facing by the Song Dynasty,and it is difficult to be seen as the expression of the author’s anti-traditional spirit.On the contrary,Sima Guang intended to use the female generals as part of his teaching and warning to the male readers at that time,which was ultimately consistent with his political purpose of compiling History as a Mirror,“narrating the rise and fall of the past dynasties in order to maintain the solidarity of the country and defend the life of people in the present”.

关 键 词：女将形象 反传统性质 历史书写 《资治通鉴》 

分 类 号：K204.3[历史地理—历史学] C913.68[历史地理—中国史]