明清潮州士商社会之变迁——以北京潮州会馆为中心的考察  

The Changes of Chaozhou Scholars and Merchants Society in the Ming and Qing Dynasties:Investigation Centered on Beijing Chaozhou Guild Hall

作　　者：黄晓丹 周少川 Huang Xiaodan;Zhou Shaochuan

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国社会历史评论》2022年第2期194-203,302-303,共12页Chinese Social History Review

摘　　要：北京潮州会馆的历史嬗变反映了明清潮州社会从士风盛行、士商相兼到弃儒从商的变迁过程。明中期到清前期,宦绅阶层是会馆建设事业的绝对主导者。到乾隆后期,潮州红头船商人成为会馆建设的主事,然而会馆在运作管理和祭祀上却与士人和儒学价值观密切相连。随着商业在社会中的比重与日俱增以及铨选之路的拥塞,重商轻儒的观念深入潮州社会,清中后期,潮州的举业逐渐衰落,与之相应的是北京潮州会馆萧条,潮人逐渐淡出政治中心北京的活动舞台。通过对会馆进行历史、动态的考察可看出潮州有别于其他地域的社会演变历史进程和文化特征。The historical evolution of Chaozhou guild hall in Beijing reflects the changing process of Chaozhou society in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which from the prevalence of scholars ethos to scholars and merchants interplay,and then to choose business over Confucianism.From the mid-Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty,the officials and gentleman class were the absolute leaders of the building guild halls.To the late period of Qianlong,Chaozhou red boat merchants became the leader of the guild hall,but the guild hall was closely connected with the scholars and the Confucian values in the operation management and sacrifice.With the increasing proportion of commerce in the society and the congested way of officer selection,the concept of emphasizing commerce over Confucianism was deeply rooted in Chaozhou society.In the middle and late Qing Dynasty,the number of Chaozhou pupils attending imperial examinations gradually declined,and correspondingly,the guild hall dilapidated,and people of Chaozhou gradually withdrew from the stage in the political center of Beijing.

关 键 词：会馆 士商 社会变迁 北京 潮州 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K248[政治法律—中外政治制度]