中国特色国家生物安全法治体系构建论纲  

An Outline of the Construction of National Biosecurity Rule of Law System with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：王康 WANG Kang

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院法律学院,上海201701

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2020年第12期4-19,94,共17页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“基因正义论:人类基因技术多维风险的法律控制”(19FFXB043);上海政法学院“疫情防控专题研究”项目(2020YQFK01)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：新冠疫情暴露出了我国现有生物安全风险防控和治理体系的种种不足,我国生物安全法律治理机制面临巨大挑战。对此,要采取"整体化+类别化"的规制模式,尽快落实《生物安全法》规定的基本制度,并由其统率和协调各单行法律法规、技术规范、伦理准则、国家标准等,共同构成国家生物安全法治体系;要遵循风险预防、公众参与、分类监管、严格责任、国际合作等基本原则,形成国家生物安全治理能力保障机制、生物安全分级分类监管机制、风险监测预警与应急响应机制、风险管理机制、恢复和补救机制、生物安全防御机制、法律责任机制等制度保障体系。中国特色国家生物安全法治体系的目标是维护国家生物主权、生物安全和人类健康,促进生物科技和生物产业创新发展,推进生物安全全球合作共治,增强国家生物安全治理能力。它体现了总体国家安全观的政治要求,反映了国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的制度功能,承载着构建人类命运共同体的历史使命,彰显着风险责任理念的法律价值。The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed various deficiencies in China’s current biosecurity risk prevention and governance system.The country’s biosecurity legal governance mechanisms are now facing substantial challenges.This paper holds that a regulatory mode of"integration+categorization"must be employed to implement the basic system stipulated by Biosecurity Law as soon as possible,which shall command and coordinate individual laws and regulations,technical specifications,ethical standards and national standards to form the national biosecurity rule of law system.The paper also holds that the basic principles of risk prevention,public participation,classification of supervision,strict liability,international cooperation shall be followed to form the national biosecurity governance capability guarantee mechanism,the biosecurity hierarchical and classified supervision mechanism,the risk monitoring and emergency response mechanism,the risk management mechanism,the remedial mechanism,the biosecurity defense mechanism and legal liability mechanism etc.The aim of the national biosecurity rule of law system with Chinese characteristics is to safeguard national biological sovereignty,biological security and human health,to promote the innovative development of biotechnology and bio-industry,to carry forward global cooperation and co-governance of biosecurity,and to enhance national biosecurity governance capabilities.The system embodies the political requirements of the overall national security outlook,reflects the institutional functions of the national governance system and modernization of governance capabilities,carries the historical mission of building a community with a shared future for mankind,and highlights the legal value of the concept of risk liability.

关 键 词：生物安全 全球性生物风险 国家生物安全法治体系 生物安全法 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]