打造“生物盾牌”:美国生物国防计划的发展及启示  

Creating Bio-Shield: Development of US Biodefense Plan and Its Implications

作　　者：徐振伟[1] 赵勇冠 XU Zhenwei;ZHAO Yongguan

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2020年第9期46-57,96,共13页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“美国转基因霸权体系的构建研究”(16BGJ040)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国部署生物国防的主要目的是防范生物武器袭击或生物技术滥用给美国造成潜在伤害。在2001年"9·11"恐怖袭击和"炭疽邮件"事件发生后,美国历任总统小布什、奥巴马、特朗普通过颁布法律文件和财政拨款大力实施生物国防计划。当前,美国建立了生物威胁识别中心、公共卫生紧急情况应急中心和灾害应急管理系统,初步形成了较为系统和完善的生物国防体系,这有利于应对生物武器袭击和突发性灾害事件。然而,在新冠肺炎疫情暴发后,美国的生物国防计划为选举政治所裹挟,这导致其应对疫情的能力大大下降。鉴于美国的经验和教训,我国应及时制定生物国防计划,以提升全民的生物国防意识以及生物国防的战略地位。The main purpose of deploying biodefense in the United States is to prevent potential damage to the United States caused by biological weapons attacks or biotechnology abuse.Beginning with the"9·11"terrorist attacks and the Anthrax Mail incident,President Bush,Obama,and Trump vigorously implement the biodefense plan by enacting legal documents and financial allocations.At present,the United States has established biological threat identification centers,public health emergency centers and disaster emergency management systems,and initially formed a relatively systematic biodefense system,which is conducive to dealing with biological weapons attacks and sudden disasters.However,after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic,the United States’biodefense plan is hampered by electoral politics,which greatly reduced its ability to respond to the epidemic.Based on this,China should learn from the experience and lessons of the United States,and aims at promoting the strategic position of biodefense,formulating a biodefense plan,and raising the national awareness of biodefense.

关 键 词：生物国防 生物安全 恐怖主义 新冠疫情 发展型国家 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]