美国左翼民粹主义与左派政治的挽歌——从桑德斯两次竞选败北说起  

The Elegy of American Left-wing Populism and Left-wing Politics: on the Two Failures of Sanders in the Presidential Campaign

作　　者：吴茜 李小玲 WU Qian;LI Xiaoling

机构地区：[1]厦门大学马克思主义学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2020年第7期53-61,96,共10页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：福建省2017年以马克思主义为指导的哲学社会科学学科基础理论研究项目“‘一带一路’倡议下擘画全球化崭新未来的‘中国方案’研究”(FJ2018MGCA018);厦门大学2018年“双一流”课题“国际金融垄断资本主义的基本矛盾及其危机趋势”的阶段性成果

摘　　要：伯尼·桑德斯2016年、2020年两次参加美国大选,其激进的政治主张立即赢得大量美国年轻人和中下层白人的认可与欢迎,在自我标榜为"社会主义例外"的美国迅速掀起一阵"社会主义旋风"。但是,由于金融垄断大资本家牢牢掌控美国的政治经济权力,所以美国代议民主制已经沦为寡头金钱民主政治;同时,由于特朗普右翼民粹主义阵营分流了原左翼激进政治的社会支持基础,以及桑德斯宣扬的"政治革命"并不是有组织的工人阶级政治运动,因而它不能彻底消除金融垄断资本主义的制度弊端,而只是对千疮百孔的资本主义所进行的修修补补。因此,他关于消除美国社会不平等的改良主义路径最终将左派政治带入21世纪的死胡同,这样,美国的民粹主义运动便出现了新自由主义原教旨主义、极端民族主义和新法西斯主义合流的全面右翼化趋势。Bernie Sanders has emerged in the U.S.president election since 2016.His radical political ideas immediately won the recognition and welcome of a large number of young Americans and middle–lower class whites.He quickly set off a"socialist whirlwind"in the United States,which is advertised as a"socialist exception."However,because the financial monopoly capital firmly controls the political and economic power of the United States,the representative democracy of the United States has been reduced to an oligarchy money democracy;at the same time,Trump’s right-wing populist camp has diverted the social support base of the original left-wing radical politics;thirdly,Sanders’s"political revolution"is not an organized working-class political movement that completely eliminates the institutional shortcomings of financial monopoly capitalism,but only repairs the riddled capitalism.His reformist approach to eliminating social inequality in the United States finally brought leftist politics into a dead end in the 21 st century.At present,the populist movement in the United States has a comprehensive right-wing trend in which neoliberal fundamentalism,ultra-nationalism,and neo-fascism merge.

关 键 词：桑德斯现象 美国左翼民粹主义 寡头金钱政治 右翼民粹主义 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]