“美国主义”价值观的例外——基于李普塞特“美国社会主义例外论”思想的研究  

An Exceptionalism Determined by Americanism: Review of Lipset’s “American Exceptionalism Theory”

作　　者：俞凤 YU Feng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2020年第7期43-52,96,共11页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

摘　　要：美国政治学家和社会学家李普塞特长期关注"为什么社会主义在美国失败了"这个问题。在多年研究的基础上,他得出了自己的结论,即认为美国反国家主义与个人主义的价值观、独特的选举制度和开放的政治结构、工人阶级内部的分层以及政党与工会之间的分离是造成社会主义在美国失败的重要原因。针对"美国社会主义例外论"这一话题,虽然李普塞特的解答角度和研究方法是对桑巴特"价值替代"说的完善与发展,并对该领域的研究者有较大的启发意义,但同时也具有一定的时代局限性。American political scientist and sociologist Seymour Martin Lipset had long been concerned about the question of"why socialism failed in the United States".Based on years of research,he had drawn his own conclusions.He believed that the values of anti-nationalism and individualism in the United States,the unique electoral system and open political structure,the stratification within the working class,and the separation between socialist political parties and trade unions were important reasons for the failure of socialism in the United States.Regarding the topic of"American Socialist Exceptionalism",Lipset’s perspective and research methods are worth learning from.It is the improvement and development of Sambat’s"value substitution"theory,which has a great inspiration for future researchers in this field.Yet it also has limitations determined by its historical background.

关 键 词：李普塞特 美国例外论 社会主义 美国主义 

分 类 号：D091.6[政治法律—政治学] D097.12