流散中的历史建构——美国犹太人与犹太教研究  

Constructing History during the Diaspora: Jews and Judaism in US

作　　者：刘义[1,2] 董睿智 LIU Yi;DONG Ruizhi

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院历史系,上海200444 [2]上海高校人文社科重点基地—宗教与全球政治研究院 [3]上海大学宗教与全球政治研究院,上海200444

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2020年第7期4-12,95,共10页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

摘　　要：美国犹太人和犹太教作为一个相对独立的研究领域,在国际学界有着一定的典范性意义。鉴于大流散的民族苦难和美国作为"山巅之城"的神话,美国的犹太人研究从一开始就具有强烈的政治含义。这特别体现在犹太复国主义和反犹主义的话题上。美国犹太团体与以色列之间的特殊关系也是一个值得注意的问题。然而,较少为读者所知道的是,数量庞大的犹太人在美国的大熔炉中形成了一种特色的文化,美国性压倒犹太性,这成为了美国犹太人区别于历史上欧洲犹太人的一个重要特征,而且,美国犹太人内部也存在分化和代际更替。美国犹太研究作为一个整体,则反映了美国学术界的专业化和成熟化。在中国、美国和以色列的三角关系下,中国学者对犹太问题的关注将持续升温。中国学人则可以从美国同行那里汲取经验和教训。American Jews and Judaism as a separate research field has a paradigmic influence in academia.Due to the legendary Diaspora and the American tale of"City on the Hill",it has political implications from the very beginning.Zionism and antiSemitism can be two examples.The paradoxical relationship between the US,Israel and American Jews is another case.However,the readers relatively do not understand well the distinctive characteristic of American Jews,in particular when compared to their European predecessors,is that their Americanism has gone beyond their Judaism,during the process of immigration and integration.And also divergence and generation change happens among Jews in US.The Jewish studies as whole reflects the professionalization and maturity of American academia.Under the new situation of the tri-relationship between US,China and Israel,the Chinese scholars will definitely pay more attention to Jewish studies.And they will also benefit from their American colleagues.

关 键 词：美国犹太人 犹太教 犹太复国主义 反犹主义 以色列 

分 类 号：B985[哲学宗教—宗教学]