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作 者:何源[1] HE Yuan
出 处:《国外社会科学前沿》2020年第3期36-44,84,共10页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES
摘 要:行政行为无效是违法性最高程度的表现,只有极其严重的瑕疵才会导致行政行为无效。德国《联邦行政程序法》第44条为行政行为无效的认定提供了规范基础,它包含兜底式条款与列举式条款。兜底式条款规定行政行为的相对无效理由是,行政行为所具有的瑕疵必须同时具有"重大"与"明显"两个特征。列举式条款则包含行政行为绝对无效理由与无效消极范围的具体情形,只要行政行为符合至少一项绝对无效理由即可认定为无效;与此相反,只要行政行为符合至少一项消极范围中情形即不可认定为无效。The nullity of an administrative act means the existence of the most serious illegality.Only the serious flaw will lead to nullity of administrative act.As norm basis of how to confirm the null administrative act,§44 Vw Vf G consists of miscellaneous provisions and enumerative provisions.The miscellaneous provisions in§44 Vw Vf G provide the reasons of relative nullity of administrative act that the flaw of an administrative act must be"gross"and"obvious".The reasons of definate nullity of administrative act and negative range of null administrative act are provided in the enumerative provisions in§44 Vw Vf G.An administrative act could be confirmed null,so long as it accords with at least one of the the reasons of definite nullity.An administrative act can not be confirmed null,in contrast,when it belongs to the negative range of null administrative act.
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