“单方索取”还是“相互需要” 代际同住中的需求组合与亲子选择  

One-Sided Demands or Mutual Needs?Combination of Needs and Parent-Child Choices in Inter-Generational Cohabitation

作　　者：陶涛[1] 钟雨奇 黄静怡 TAO Tao;ZHONG Yuqi;HUANG Jingyi(Center for Populationand Development Studies,Renmin University of China;School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心 [2]中国人民大学社会与人口学院

出　　处：《社会》2022年第6期214-240,共27页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(14XNI003)支持

摘　　要：基于2018年中国老年社会追踪调查的数据,本文深入挖掘老年人与成年子女的同住需求组合类型,并分析其中子女的性别和排行两个维度的同住机制。研究发现,在中国,代际互惠的合作型同住占据首要地位,代际重心下移和浓厚的互惠色彩是当今代际同住的主流,城乡之间代际互惠的逻辑存在差异。从代际同住机制看,特别是在农村,儿子依旧是同住选择偏好的对象,但女儿在代际同住中更有可能承担赡养的责任;农村地区排行靠后的子女在代际同住中更有可能得到父母的帮扶,也更有可能承担赡养的责任。Changes in family living arrangements have accompanied China’s transition to modernization.The aim of this study is to explore the choice mechanism driven by the needs of both parents and children behind the seemingly homogeneous inter-generational cohabitation of different families.Based on the data from the 2018 China Elderly Longitudinal Social Survey,this study delves into the need and choice mechanisms of elderly parents and adult children living together,explores the heterogeneity in inter-generational cohabitation and the inter-generational interactions under ever changing inter-generational relationships.It further analyses the two dimensions of gender and birth order of adult children in different types of inter-generational cohabitation.The results show that,in terms of intergenerational co-living needs,cooperative cohabitation occupies the primary position in China,followed by nurturing cohabitation based on pure offspring needs,and then supportive cohabitation based on pure parental needs.The proportion of alienated cohabitation in which both generations are not in need is the least.The main theme of inter-generational cohabitation in China today is a shift in the centre of gravity and a strong emphasis on reciprocity.There are differences in the logic of inter-generational reciprocity between urban and rural areas.Rural parents place more emphasis on economic needs while urban parents place more emphasis on living needs.The demand of children in both rural and urban is led by housing needs.In terms of inter-generational cohabitation mechanisms,sons are still the preferred choice for inter-generational cohabitation.However,daughters are more likely to take on the responsibility of supporting parents,especially in rural area.Younger siblings in rural areas are more likely to enjoy help from their parents in inter-generational cohabitation and are also more likely to take on the responsibility of supporting parents.In short,change and continuity have always presented in Chinese society,and tradition a

关 键 词：代际同住 代际关系 代际责任 子女性别 子女排行 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]