落“地”生“根”:中国近代工业创成中的传统治理策略 以清光绪年间湖北矿务为例  

The Influence of Governance Structure on the Formation of China’s Early Modern Industrial Organization

作　　者：孟奇 MENG Qi(Department of Sociology,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2022年第1期1-30,共30页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：本文以清光绪年间湖北矿务为个案,分析了一起地方抗阻事件及其处理策略。地方抗阻反映了晚清社会秩序与近代矿业发展之间的张力,而问题的解决之道同样来自晚清的地方治理结构。具体而言,疏解抗阻的过程即是遵循"抚地方之民"的治理逻辑,通过"寻找支持者"与"利益均沾"来弥合张力的过程。这一过程促进了矿局的实际创生,使它以主办官员的关系网络为基础孕生出了地方性,从而得以内嵌于湖北的治理结构中。湖北开采煤铁总局所展现出的地方性可能以更复杂的形态在中国后续的工业组织与制度中得以呈现,"地方"视角有助于我们深入理解工业组织与传统社会秩序之间的关系,尤其是尚未被当前学界充分讨论的后者影响前者的机制与方式。Existing studies on the early modern Chinese industry and commerce have pointed out the correlation between industrial organizations and traditional social order,but have not fully explored the way as well as the mechanism of the relationship.This paper takes the mining affairs in Hubei in the 1870s as an example and examines one local resistance incident and the handling strategy of Li Hongzhang and Sheng Xuanhuai.The phenomenon of local resistance reflected the tension between the localized political and social order and the demands of the development of modern mining,and therefore its solution to the problem also lay in the local governance structure of the late Qing Dynasty.Through the strategy of“looking for supporters”and“profit sharing”,the tension was subsided and the local resistance was mitigated to some extent.Both policies followed the logic of“pacification”governance theory formed with the development of China’s traditional governance structure.By pacifying the local resistance,the Mining Bureau was able to come into existence and eventual became embedded in the governance structure of Hubei.The Bureau also presented the characteristic of localism,an important feature of Chinese early industrial organizations,which subsequently developed into a more complex form in the late stage of Chinese industrial organization and system.This“local”perspective enables us to better understand China’s modern social transformation and industrial development.

关 键 词：治理结构 中国近代工业 地方性 社会转型 晚清 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] F429[历史地理—中国史]