环境义务的私法之维——以《民法典》绿色原则为中心的考察  

作　　者：张金晓 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2024年第4期150-167,共18页Law and Social Development

摘　　要：私主体承担的环境义务存在公法与私法两个维度。私法维度的环境义务集中体现为《民法典》中以绿色原则为代表的绿色条款。私法环境义务是在公法环境义务基础上形成的次生性、外源性义务,契合私法公法化与私法生态化的双重逻辑,是公法与私法在生态环境保护领域协同共治的集中体现。私法环境义务虽然具备行为规范和裁判规范的双重效力,但是也可能引发公法侵蚀私法、公益吞噬私益、司法自由裁量权滥用等诸多问题。因此,司法适用应保持谦抑和克制态度。一方面,有必要区分私法环境义务与公法环境义务的效力边界;另一方面,可经由私法规范识别、利益衡量论证和比例原则检验三个步骤,对私法环境义务在司法适用中发挥效力的场域和程度进行限缩。The environmental obligations undertaken by private subjects exist in both public law and private law,and the environmental obligations in the private law dimension are centrally embodied in the green provisions and especially the green principle of Civil Code.The environmental obligations in the private law are secondary and exogenous obligations formed on the basis of environmental obligations in the public law.The environmental obligations in the private law also fit the logic of publicization and ecologization of private law,and can be regarded as a representative manifestation of the co-governance between public law and private law in the field of environmental protection.The environmental obligations in private law have the dual effect of behavioral norms and adjudication norms,but may also lead to the erosion of public law on private law,the devouring of public interest on private interest,the abuse of judicial discretion and many other dilemmas.In view of this,the judicial application of the environmental obligations in the private law should be maintained in a modest and restrained attitude.On the one hand,it is necessary to distinguish the boundary between the effectiveness of environmental obligations in the public law and those in the private law.On the other hand,the field and extent of judicial effectiveness of the environmental obligations in the private law should be limited through three steps of identification of private law norms,argumentation of the weighing of interests and testing of the principle of proportionality.

关 键 词：私法环境义务 《民法典》 绿色原则 私法公法化 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]