股东表决权拘束协议可以实际履行吗?  

作　　者：李建伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2024年第2期187-205,共19页Law and Social Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“营商环境法治化的制度架构与实现研究”(20ZDA044)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：股东表决权拘束协议能否实际履行?对此,可从契约法与组织法的双重视角考量。如肯定之,需回答其具有组织法上效力的法理依据,并克服组织法上的适用障碍——协议何以约束缔约人之外的公司及其他非缔约股东?实际履行在股东表决权拘束协议违约救济上的适用,具有必要性与重要性,应予有条件的肯定,但前提是协议具有组织法效力。股东表决权拘束协议的实际履行,需要基于协议的双重法律属性以及股东投票与否、决议成立与否等阶段性因素而予以情景化适用。股东未投票且决议未作出的,守约方可申请行为保全;股东已投票,尚在计票阶段的,得请求公司改票;股东已投票且决议已作出的,守约方得请求撤销在先决议,并诉请法院要求违约方在下次股东会上依约投票以形成新的决议。《公司法》文本有必要对股东协议作出整体性规范,肯定股东表决权拘束协议的效力,规制其介入公司治理的路径。Whether a voting agreement is specifically performed can be considered from the dual perspective of contract law and organization law.If so,it is necessary to figure out the jurisprudential basis for its validity on organization law and to overcome the obstacles to its application in organization law.That is,how can the agreement bind the company and other non-contracting shareholders other than the contracting parties?The application of specific performance to the remedies for breach of contract in voting agreements is necessary and important,and should be conditionally affirmed,but only if the agreement is valid in the context of organization law.The ways of voting agreements'specific performance need to be contextualized based on its dual legal attributes as well as the stage factors that whether the shareholders have voted or not,and whether the resolution has been established or not.If the shareholders have not voted and the resolution is not made,the non-defaulting party can apply for behavior preservation;if the shareholders have already voted and the vote is still in the counting stage,the non-defaulting party may request the company to change the vote;if the shareholders have voted and the resolution has been made,the non-defaulting party can claim for a revocation of the previous resolution and ask the defaulting party to vote accordingly at the next shareholder's meeting to form a new resolution.It is necessary to regulate wholly shareholders'agreements in the text of Corporate Law,to affirm the validity of voting agreements and regulate the path of their intervention in corporate governance.

关 键 词：股东表决权拘束协议 违约救济 组织法 损害赔偿 实际履行 

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