论数据来源者权利  

作　　者：王利明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2023年第6期36-57,共22页Law and Social Development

基　　金：中国人民大学重大规划项目“民法典新规则适用要旨研究”(22XNLG01)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：《中共中央国务院关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》在构建数据财产权制度时,区分了数据处理者与数据来源者双重权利结构,提出了数据来源者权利保护的重要课题。数据来源者与数据处理者是数据内容贡献者与生产者之间的关系,两者形成共生、并存和互动的关系。数据确权的内容既包括确认数据处理者的权利,也应当包括确认数据来源者的权利。确定数据来源者权利的准则包括优先尊重人格权益、尊重在先权利、尊重当事人的约定,以及促进数据的高效生产与有效利用。在数据处理者与数据来源者没有特别约定的情形下,数据来源者应当享有公平访问权、合理利用权、可携带权和自然人个人数据大规模处理拒绝权等权利。对数据财产权的确权主要是指对数据处理者的确权,作为数据来源者的自然人原则上不应当享有数据财产权。作为民事权利,数据来源者的权利在受到侵害的情形下,也应当受到法律保护。An official document was released by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council,detailing China’s specific measures to build basic systems for data to put data resources to better use.When constructing a system of data property rights,it distinguishes between the dual rights of data processors and data producers,and proposes important issues of protecting the rights of data producers.The relationship between data producers and data processors is the relationship between contributors and makers of data content,forming a symbiotic,coexisting and interactive relationship.The confirmation of data rights includes the confirmation of rights of both data processors and data producers.The criteria for establishing the rights of data producers include prioritizing respect for personal rights,respecting prior rights,respecting the agreements of the parties involved,and promoting the efficient production and utilization of data.In the absence of a specific agreement between the data processors and the data producers,the data producers shall have the rights of fair access,reasonable utilization,portability and refusal of large-scale processing of personal data.The confirmation of data property rights mainly refers to the confirmation of data processors,and natural persons as data producers should not enjoy data property rights in principle.As civil rights,the rights of data producers should also be protected by law if they are infringed.

关 键 词：数据 数据来源者 数据处理者 在先权利 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D923[政治法律—法学]