数字时代企业信用权的结构与实现机制  

作　　者：冉克平[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2023年第3期99-117,共19页Law and Social Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“优化市场化法治化国际化营商环境研究”(21AZD030)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：企业信用权是企业对从征信机构、信息提供者处获得的客观真实的信用状况以及公正的信用评价所享有的私法权益。数字时代的企业信用权以聚合的企业信用信息为载体,实质上是征信机构、信息提供者与企业共同对企业信用信息进行商业化利用的产物。《民法典》规定广义的名誉权涵盖商誉权,可以分为基于不特定社会公众形成的狭义企业名誉权与基于专业信用机构生成的企业信用权。企业信用信息具有商业利用与公共管理的双重功能,经济信用和公共信用在形式上均属于社会信用体系建设的范畴,两者在目标设定、实现机制以及制裁后果上均存在明显差异。征信机构、信息提供者与企业共同构成可以适用《反不正当竞争法》的大数据生态系统,据此调和企业适当开放数据使用的程度与为征信机构、信息提供者利用网络爬虫技术设置的合规性标准之间的矛盾。应将企业的公开信用数据区分为敏感数据与非敏感数据,合理地确定征信机构、信息提供者的注意义务。The corporate credit right is a private legal interest enjoyed by enterprises to obtain objective and truthful credit status and fair credit evaluation from credit reporting agencies and information providers.In the digital age,corporate credit rights are based on the aggregation of corporate credit information and are essentially the product of the commercialization of corporate credit information by credit reporting agencies,information providers,and enterprises.The Civil Code stipulates that the broad concept of reputation rights can cover goodwill rights and can be divided into the narrow corporate reputation rights based on the non-specific social public and corporate credit rights generated by professional credit institutions.Corporate credit information has dual functions of commercial utilization and public management.Both economic credit and public credit belong to the construction of social credit system in form,but they have obvious differences in goal setting,implementation mechanisms and sanction consequences.The credit reporting agencies,credit information providers,and enterprises jointly constitute a big data ecosystem that can apply the Anti-Unfair Competition Law.Based on this,the contradiction between the appropriate degree of open data use by enterprises and the compliance standards for web crawlers set by credit reporting agencies and credit information providers can be reconciled.The public credit data of enterprises can be classified into sensitive and non-sensitive data,and the duty of care of credit reporting agencies and information providers can be reasonably determined.

关 键 词：企业信用权 信用信息 商业利用 公开数据 竞争秩序 损害赔偿 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]