论具体危险犯的“结果化”认定  

On the “Consequentialized” Cognizance of Concrete Potential Damage Offence

作　　者：于冲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2022年第2期173-185,共13页Law and Social Development

基　　金：中国政法大学校级人文社会科学研究项目“食品安全犯罪的惩治与预防问题研究”(15ZFQ82004);中国政法大学科研创新项目(20ZFY82003)与中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助的阶段性成果

摘　　要：具体危险犯的“结果化”认定,以避免将行为危险异化为具体危险、抑制具体危险犯的过度“口袋化”为目的,主张行为造成的危险须达到现实、紧迫地危及法益的程度方成立具体危险犯。在具体危险犯“结果化”认定的视域下,具体危险被视为一种结果性危险。结果性危险以一定的现实危害后果作为外在表征。现实危害后果不是具有构成要件该当性的危害结果。一定的现实危害后果的存在表明行为足以导致危害结果发生。如果行为没有造成现实危害后果或行为造成的现实危害后果表明行为不存在引发危害结果的可能,则证明行为并未引发具体危险。具体危险犯的“结果化”认定对具体危险具有锚定功能,对具体危险犯的过度“口袋化”具有抑制功能。对具体危险犯进行“结果化”认定源于比例原则的要求,有助于防范具体危险犯认定中“具体危险”范围的过度扩张,实现具体危险犯认定的客观化。In order to avoid the alienation of act of danger into concrete potential damage and to restrain the excessive“pocketing”of concrete potential damage offence,the“consequentialized”cognizance of concrete potential damage maintains that the danger caused by the behavior must endanger the legal interest realistically and urgently.In the view of“consequentialized”cognizance of concrete potential damage offence,concrete potential damage is regarded as a kind of consequentialized danger which takes certain actual hazard consequences as its external representation.However,actual hazard consequences are not with the due constitutive requirements.The existence of certain actual hazard consequences shows that the behavior is enough to cause hazard consequences.If the behavior does not cause actual hazard consequences or the actual hazard consequence shows that the behavior does not have the possibility to cause hazard consequences,the behavior can be proved to cause no concrete potential damage.The“consequentialized”cognizance of concrete potential damage offence has the function of anchoring concrete potential damage and restraining the excessive“pocketing”of concrete potential damage offence.The“consequentialized”cognizance of concrete potential damage offence is based on the principle of proportionality,which is helpful to prevent the excessive expansion of concrete potential damage and to realize the objectivity of the cognizance of concrete potential damage offence.

关 键 词：“结果化”认定 具体危险犯 抽象危险犯 结果性危险 现实危害后果 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]