仿飞鱼跨介质无人平台的探索研究  

Preliminary study on aerial-aquatic unmanned vehicle mimicking flying fish

作　　者：邓见[1] 金楠 周意琦 路宽 邵雪明[1] DENG Jian;JIN Nan;ZHOU Yi-qi;LU Kuan;SHAO Xue-ming(School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学航空航天学院,杭州310027

出　　处：《水动力学研究与进展（A辑）》2020年第1期55-60,共6页Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11922212).

摘　　要：跨介质飞行器是一种既能在空中飞行,又能在水下潜航的新概念飞行器,它兼有飞行器的速度和潜航器的隐蔽性。该文以自然界的飞鱼为模仿对象,研究了一种仿飞鱼的跨水气介质无人平台。该仿生飞鱼的身体长度25 cm,排水重量约为0.191 kg。采用计算流体力学的手段,研究了仿生飞鱼水下游动与水面滑行阶段的水动力学特性。重点比较了飞鱼达到巡航状态所需功率,从而证实飞鱼可以通过水面滑跑过程进一步加速到起飞状态。首先,对于水下游动状态,当巡游速度为10 m/s,尾鳍摆动频率为145 Hz时,在小摆动幅度工况下,飞鱼达到巡游状态需要的输入功率约为350 W,此时通过身体重量计算出的肌肉功率密度为3 664 W/kg,该数值可以在生物学上找到合理解释。当飞鱼在水面滑跑时,同样输入功率为350 W时,滑飞速度可达到16.5 m/s。可见,飞鱼可通过水面滑跑进一步将自身加速到起飞状态。Aerial-aquatic unmanned vehicles are new concepts of robots with hybrid and multi-modal locomotion, referring specifically to those that can both swim in water and fly in air. They have both advantages of moving as fast as aircrafts and low detestability as submerged vehicles. In this paper, a new concept of aerial-aquatic unmanned vehicle mimicking flying fish is studied, which is 0.25 m in length and 0.191 kg in weight. Its hydrodynamic characteristics are studied by computational fluid dynamics(CFD), considering two stages of its locomotion: swimming underwater and taxiing on the sea surface. The direct comparison in power consumption between these two stages is emphasized in order to demonstrate its unique ability of further acceleration by taxiing on the surface before take-off. Underwater, when the fish swims at a constant speed of 10 m/s, the minimum power required is 350 W, achieved at a flapping frequency of 145 Hz and with a small flapping angle. The corresponding muscle density for the fish is 3664 W/kg, which is higher than the normal muscle power density for a fish, but still a reasonable estimation for a real flying fish at this length scale. In contrast, in the taxiing stage, at the same level of power input,i.e.350 W, the fish can reach a speed of 16.5 m/s. It is apparently evidenced that the flying fish can be further accelerated before take-off by taxiing on the water surface.

关 键 词：仿生飞鱼 跨介质飞行器 滑跑 游动 

分 类 号：V27[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] U674.941[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]