论作为法律关系的数据持有  

On Data Holding as Legal Relationship

作　　者：衣俊霖 YI Junlin(Koguan Law School,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《法学论坛》2024年第4期102-114,共13页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中国特色公共数据市场化运营的法理基础与制度构建研究”(23CFX018);中国博士后科学基金项目“产权与交易:数据要素市场基础制度研究”(2022M722063)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在数据产权“三权分置”的框架下,“数据持有”是一个具有奠基性意义的重要概念。数据持有兼具事实与规范二重性,实为一项法律关系——以针对数据的实力控制为事实基础,在法律上产生主体间的权利义务。就事实维度而言,数据持有者以数据基础设施为控制架构,形成对“数据副本”的事实支配。经复制共享操作,新的数据副本不断得以创建,并由不同持有者予以控制。在规范维度,数据持有具有复合性的关系结构,可以从静态和动态两个维度加以解析,具体涉及持有者与不特定他人、持有者与来源者,以及先手与后手持有者等多组权利义务。随着数据的流通共享,数据持有者之间形成一个多层、动态的持有关系网络。为平衡各方的利益冲突,有必要对数据持有进行类型化分析,实现法律事实与价值规范之间的相互调适。特别地,根据“持有本权”之有无,可划分出有权持有与无权持有,并在此基础上进一步建立分类体系,从而对不同的持有类型构建更细致的权利义务内容。Under the"separation of three rights"of data property,"data holding"is a basic concept with foundational significance.Data holding has the duality of facts and norms,and is actually a legal relationship consisting of rights and duties based on the factual control over data resource.From the factual perspective,data holders use data infrastructure as the architecture to control"data copies".During the data circulation process,new copies are continuously created through replication and sharing operations,and are controlled by different holders.From the normative perspective,data holding has a compound legal relationship structure,which can be divided into static and dynamic dimensions,involving multiple sets of rights and duties related to holder and third parties,the holder and the source,and the previous and the following holders.There is a multi-layered,dynamic relationship network between data holders corresponding to the original information source.In order to balance the conflict of interests,it is necessary to conduct a typed analysis to achieve mutual adjustment between legal facts and value norms.In particular,based on the"right to hold",we can differentiate those with the right to hold and those without the right to hold.Thus,a classification system can be further established to construct more detailed rights and obligations for different types of data holdings.

关 键 词：数据产权 数据持有 控制架构 数据副本 持有本权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]