吐谷浑木棺装饰图像多元文化考论  

A Study on Multiculturalism of Decorative Image of Wooden Coffin in Tuyuhun

作　　者：孙杰 Sun Jie(Xining Museum)

机构地区：[1]西宁市博物馆

出　　处：《丝绸之路研究集刊》2022年第2期336-349,532-533,共16页Journal of the Silk Road Studies

摘　　要：所谓“青海道”,又称为“吐谷浑道”“河南道”“羌中道”,是指传统“丝绸之路”从青海至西域的一条线路,汉晋六朝至隋唐时期一直是由四川经过青海通向西域的一条重要道路。^(①)位于这条道上的青海海西蒙古族藏族自治州,其地理分界与柴达木盆地基本一致,南北窄、东西宽,南缘和北缘的山丘多为东西走向,低平的山麓形成自然走廊,越过它的西缘较低的山岭即可到达塔里木盆地南缘,自古以来这里就是民族迁徙、文化交流、商贸往来的重要通道和节点。自5世纪起,以辽东鲜卑慕容部为核心的吐谷浑政权在这里经营了两个多世纪,直到663年为吐蕃所灭。其间由于南北对峙,南朝与西域之间联系往来唯有选择穿越柴达木盆地的“青海道”,加之吐谷浑人的积极经营,使得“青海道”成为这一时期沟通中西的主要通道。Located on Qinghai Road of the Silk Road,Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai has been an important channel and node of ethnic migration,cultural exchange and trade since ancient times.It was successively controlled by Tuyuhun and Tubo,and was under multiple influences from different regions and cultures of different nationalities.Therefore,the diversity of cultural factors has become one of the most prominent features of the ancient relics in this area,and the colored painted wood coffin is one of the most concentrated carriers of this cultural diversity.The painted wooden coffins in Tuyuhun period are no exception.From the decorative images,we can see the influence from the Central Plains and the inheritance of the original culture of Tuyuhun.Meanwhile,the influence from the Soghite culture in Central Asia also began to emerge at this time.

关 键 词：南北对峙 羌中道 吐谷浑 装饰图像 塔里木盆地南缘 多元文化 丝绸之路 文化交流 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]