吐蕃的早期菩萨王权——以赤松德赞为例  

Early Bodhisattva-kingship in Tibet:The Case of Tri Songdetsen

作　　者：路易斯·唐尼 王宗慧(译) Lewis Doney;Wang Zonghui(Universität Bonn;Chinese and Tibetan Buddhist Art Center,Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]波恩大学 [2]浙江大学汉藏佛教艺术研究中心

出　　处：《丝绸之路研究集刊》2022年第1期296-310,494,共16页Journal of the Silk Road Studies

摘　　要：本文将通过讨论早期多种描述赞普赤松德赞(Khri srong lde brtsan,742—800)的文献来考察西藏的“菩萨王权”(Bodhisattva Kingship)这一概念。在9世纪中叶吐蕃王国崩溃之前,赤松德赞开始被描述为菩萨,至少是一位通过在西藏传播佛法来惠及众生并在思想上得入解脱之道的圣人。吐蕃王国分裂后,赤松德赞的书面形象越发神圣,是首位被描述为以大菩萨的身份在吐蕃传播金刚乘的赞普。In this article,the author examines the portrayal of the Tibetan emperor,Khri Srong lde brtsan(742-c.800)as a bodhisattva-king.During the course of his life,Khri Srong lde brtsan is represented as an emperor,a religious king,and perhaps even a bodhisattva.A provincial eulogy to the emperor,included in Brag lha mo Inscription A,also describes him as such,helping his subjects to enter onto the path of enlightenment.One Dunhuang text,IOL Tib J 466/3,remembers him as a Buddhist king of Tibet,who has attained nirvana.Another,Pelliot tibétain 840/3,creates a Tibetan synthesis between two Indic elements regarding the tantric King Tsa:the royal transmission of tantric Buddhism and the inevitable decline of the dharma.This text describes Khri Srong lde brtsan's reign as a“golden age”of tantric practice,from which Tibetan tantra has since declined.This theme of decline is encountered also in the injunction(bka'shog)of lHa bla ma Ye shes'od(947-1024/959-1036?).This article shows that the single term bodhisattva,applied to royal figures in Tibet from at least the ninth century,can convey a variety of meanings from the imperial to the post-imperial period.

关 键 词：金刚乘 赤松德赞 吐蕃王国 赞普 王权 传播 菩萨 西藏 

分 类 号：B949.2[哲学宗教—宗教学] K242[历史地理—历史学]