回应型法语境下预防性环境民事公益诉讼司法运行的困境及其破解  

Predicament and Solution for Judicial Operation of Preventive Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation in the Context of Responsive Law

作　　者：郭庆 谢晓琴 GUO Qing;XIE Xiao-qin

机构地区：[1]四川省泸州市龙马潭区人民检察院

出　　处：《四川警察学院学报》2023年第5期88-99,共12页Journal of Sichuan Police College

摘　　要：生态环境是人类生存与发展的根基,承载着不同于普通民事权利的社会公共利益。推行以诉讼为手段、预先保护为目的的预防性环境民事公益诉讼制度,是新时代我国环境权益保护的重要进步。该制度内生于司法实践,引领保护思路由“损害修复”转向“风险预防”,对满足人民美好生活需求、实现代际公平、推动社会可持续发展具有积极影响。但是,目前,该制度的运行尚不顺畅,一是受环境风险本身复杂性、评估鉴定专业性强等因素影响,环境公益保护诉讼案源线索少,二是部分诉讼程序立法阙如、一些司法指引可操作性不强导致核心要素“重大风险”认定困难,立案受理、证成逻辑、司法裁判往往因此陷入困境。“回应型法”理论中的主体参与、目的解释和司法实现方式等观点运用于社会治理,具有突出优势,其契合构建预防性环境民事公益诉讼司法范式需要,有助于破解上述现实司法困境。Ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development,and carries social public interests different from ordinary civil rights.Preventive environmental civil public interest litigation system,with litigation as the means and advance protection as the purpose,is an important progress for the protection of environmental rights of China in the new era.This system is born in the judicial practice,leading the change of protection from"damage restoration"to"risk prevention",which has a positive influence on satisfying people's needs for a better life,realizing intergenerational equity and promoting sustainable social development.However,the system is not working smoothly now.One reason is that there are few clues in cases of environmental public interest protection litigation influenced by the complexity of environmental risks themselves,high professionalism of evaluation and appraisal,etc.Another is that it is difficult to identify core elements like"major risks"due to the lack of legislation in some litigation procedures and limited operability of some judicial guide,thus filing and acceptance,evidence logic,and judicial adjudication are often stuck in predicament."Responsive law"theory boasts outstanding advantages when applying its concepts including subject participation,purpose interpretation,judicial implementation methods etc.in social governance,meets the needs of constructing preventive environmental civil public interest litigation paradigm,and contributes to solving the forementioned realistic judicial predicament.

关 键 词：环境民事公益诉讼 预防性司法 运行困境 回应型改造 

分 类 号：D916[政治法律—法学]