2014-2020年上海市闵行区病毒性腹泻流行特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in Minhang district of Shanghai from 2014 to 2020

作　　者：方辉 张红梅[1] 徐智寅[2] 张兆文 郭琪[2,3] FANG Hui;ZHANG Hong⁃mei;XU Zhi⁃yin;ZHANG Zhao⁃wen;GUO Qi(Department of Prevention and Health Care of Xinzhuang Community Health Care Center of Minhang district,Shanghai 201199;Minhang district Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201101;Minhang Branch of Public Health School,Fudan University,Shanghai 201100,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市闵行区莘庄社区卫生服务中心预防保健科,上海201199 [2]上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,上海201101 [3]复旦大学公共卫生学院闵行分院,上海201100

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2022年第8期1163-1166,共4页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：闵行区公共卫生重点学科项目(MGWXK02);闵行区公共卫生优秀青年人才培养项目(2020FM29)

摘　　要：目的分析病毒性腹泻病原的流行特征,了解病原谱的动态变化情况。方法在闵行区腹泻病综合监测哨点医院2014-2020年报告的腹泻病例中,采用系统抽样法采集病例粪便标本进行病原学检测,分析病毒阳性病例的病原构成及其流行病学特征。结果共报告病毒性腹泻病例23148例,采集2073份标本,共检出阳性701例,阳性率33.82%,其中单病毒阳性率由高到低依次为诺如病毒GⅡ型15.24%、轮状病毒6.32%、诺如病毒GⅠ型3.14%、札如病毒2.51%、星状病毒2.07%、肠道腺病毒0.34%,2种及以上病毒混合感染阳性率3.62%。2014-2020年各年度病毒阳性检出率分别为50.44%、41.94%、33.03%、31.67%、22.76%、37.46%和17.14%,检出率呈现逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=38.72,P<0.05)。诺如和轮状病毒在冬春季高发,札如和星状病毒在春季高发,而肠道腺病毒在夏季高发。结论上海市闵行区2014-2020年病毒性腹泻由多种病毒引起,以诺如病毒和轮状病毒为主,存在一定的混合感染,应在不同病毒流行前开展针对性防控措施,减少腹泻病发生。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of viral diarrhea pathogens and understand the dynamic changes of the pathogen spectrum.Methods Diarrhea cases reported in Minhang district diarrhea comprehensive monitoring sentinel hospital from 2014 to 2020 were studied.The stool samples were collected by systematic sampling method for etiological detection,and the pathogen composition and epidemiological characteristics of virus positive cases were analyzed.Results A total of 23148 cases of viral diarrhea were reported.701 positive samples(the positive rate was 33.82%)were detected in 2073 samples.The positive rates of single virus from high to low were norovirus GⅡ15.24%,rotavirus 6.32%,norovirus GⅠ3.14%,zarovirus 2.51%,astrovirus 2.07%,intestinal adenovirus 0.34%.The positive rate of mixed infection of two or more viruses was 3.62%.From 2014 to 2020,the annual positive detection rate of the virus was 50.44%,41.94%,33.03%,31.67%,22.76%,37.46%and 17.14%,respectively,and the detection rate showed a decreasing trend year by year(χ^(2)_(rend)=38.72,P<0.05).Norovirus and rotavirus were high in winter and spring;zaru and astrovirus were high in spring,and intestinal adenovirus was high in summer.Conclusions Viral diarrhea in Minhang district of Shanghai from2014 to 2020 was caused by a variety of viruses,mainly norovirus and rotavirus,and there was a certain mixed infection.Targeted prevention and control measures should be carried out before the prevalence of different pathogens to reduce the incidence of diarrhea.

关 键 词：病毒性 腹泻 流行特征 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]