台风登陆过程中南海近海阵风因子特征  

CHARACTERISTICS OF GUST FACTOR IN THE OFFSHORE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DURING TYPHOON LANDING

作　　者：毕雪岩[1] 刘春霞[1] 黄健[1] 赵中阔[1] BI Xueyan;LIU Chunxia;HUANG Jian;ZHAO Zhongkuo(Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,CMA,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广东广州510641

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2022年第4期502-510,共9页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B111101002);国家自然科学基金项目(41675019、41875021、41830533)共同资助

摘　　要：阵风预报对于输电铁塔线路设计、风力发电、建筑和桥梁设计以及航空气象安全等至关重要。目前,基于不同观测资料和计算方法,学者们给出了不同的阵风或阵风因子参数化公式,没有公认的一致结果。利用中国气象局南海(博贺)海洋气象科学试验基地离岸4.5 km和6.5 km的两个海洋气象观测塔在2008—2018年七个台风期间观测的10 Hz高频湍流脉动数据,分析了观测高度、平均时间、下垫面特征和大气稳定度对阵风因子计算结果的影响,研究了近海海上台风过程中阵风因子与平均风速和湍流特征参数的关系。不同于以往研究给出阵风因子是常数,给出了阵风因子随10 m风速变化的计算公式,为阵风预报及相关防灾减灾提供参考依据。Gust prediction is significant for air,ship and road traffic guidance,and warnings about environmental damage.Up to now,different gust or gust factor parameterization formulas have been given based on different observational data and calculation methods,and no consensus has been reached on the best gust factor parameterization formulas.Based on the 10 Hz high frequency turbulent fluctuation data collected at two offshore observation towers standing along the shore-normal line 4.5 km and 6.5 km offshore,respectively,during seven typhoon episodes in the South China Sea from 2008 to 2018,we analyzed the effects of observation height,different average time,underlying surface characteristics,and atmospheric stability on the gust factor.The relationships between gust factor,gust coefficient related to turbulence kinetic energy,gust coefficient related to friction velocity,and 10 m wind speed are investigated.Unlike previous studies,where gust factor is treated as a constant,this paper proposed a formula for calculating gust factor depending on the 10 m wind speed.

关 键 词：阵风 阵风因子 南海近海 台风 湍流特征参数 

分 类 号：P732.3[天文地球—海洋科学]