航班时刻纳入航空运输合同制度建构  

Flight Schedule as a Content of Air Transport Contract:Dilemma Analysis and System Construction

作　　者：王锡柱[1] Wang Xizhu

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《人大法律评论》2020年第2期186-201,共16页Renmin University Law Review

摘　　要：航班时刻对于航空运输合同订立、履行均具有重要意义,但考虑到航空运输的特殊性,航班时刻并未被明确规定为航空运输合同的内容。因缺乏明确法律规定,承运人往往借助运输总协定将航班时刻排除于航空运输合同之外,严重损害了旅客权益。根据我国法律体系和民航局发布的统计报告所显示的实证数据,航空运输的特殊性并不构成航班时刻纳入航空运输合同的实质障碍。为保障旅客利益,应将航班始发时刻与到达时刻作为航空运输合同法定要素予以规范,明确违反航班时刻的法律后果,严格限定变更或排除航班时刻条款适用的条件。此外,为保证航班时刻契约化的可行性,可将航班延误中以行政处罚为主的制度转变为以民事补偿为主的制度,完善承运人责任减免、第三人责任、延误保险等制度。The flight schedule is very important in the air transport contract.However,taking into account the particularity of air transport,the flight schedule is not clearly defined as the content of the air transport contract.Due to the lack of clear legal provisions,carriers often use the General Agreement on Transport to rule out the legal effect of flight schedule and seriously damage the interests of passengers.According to China's legal system and the statistical report issued by the Civil Aviation Administration,the particularity of air transportation is not sufficient to negate the inclusion of flight schedule into air transport contracts.To protect the interests of passengers,the origination and arrival time should be regulated as the statutory elements of the air transport contract,clearly in violation of the legal consequences of the flight,and strictly limit the conditions for changing or excluding the conditions of the flight schedule.In addition,in order to ensure the feasibility of the contractualization of flight schedules,it may be included in the carrier's responsibility for deductions,the third party's responsibility,and the focus of administrative fines should be on civil compensation,and the development of a flight delay insurance system.

关 键 词：航班时刻 航空运输合同 旅客权益 违约责任 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学] F562[政治法律—法学]