是否存在一种不可替代的“规范逻辑”——凯尔森纯粹法理论的基础性反思  

Can “Logic of Norms” be Irreplaceable?——Foundational Reflection on Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law

作　　者：吴国邦 Wu Guobang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法治与社会治理研究中心 [2]中国政法大学 [3]奥地利维也纳大学

出　　处：《人大法律评论》2019年第1期78-103,共26页Renmin University Law Review

摘　　要：众所周知,汉斯·凯尔森在其晚年著作《规范的一般理论》中放弃了关于"规范逻辑"有效性的主张,甚至指出,"根本不存在一种特殊的法律逻辑"。许多学者认为,纯粹法律体系因此面临崩毁的风险。那么,"规范逻辑"的失效到底会否引致纯粹法律体系的失据?换言之,就纯粹法律体系而言,是否存在一种不可替代的"规范逻辑"?这便是我们所要解答的问题。首先,需要明确在纯粹法律体系的范畴内,"规范逻辑"的英文译名应当是"logic of norms",而非"normative logic",它仅在"关于法律的规范逻辑"的意义上与我们通常所说的"道义逻辑"保持同一。为了否定"关于法律的规范逻辑"的有效性,凯尔森首先将"规范逻辑"的两个基本命题——矛盾律与逻辑推断法则——定性为一般形式逻辑在规范中的迁移适用,继而指出这种适用难以为继。但通过解读发现,凯尔森解构掉的实际是"关于‘静态法’的规范逻辑",它的替代性方案——"效力通信"——与依旧有效的"关于‘动态法’的规范逻辑"相配合,可以实现"规范逻辑"的预期功能。由此可知,就维护纯粹法律体系的自足性而言,"规范逻辑"并不具有排他性的地位。As we all know,Hans Kelsen abandoned his proposition that"logic of norms"can be valid,even stating that"there is no a particular juristic logic".Many scholars consider it to be the collapse signal of pure law system.Then,the issue can be whether or not the"logic of norms"is irreplaceable?What should be emphasized is that the notion of"logic of norms"cannot be substituted by"normative logic"or"deontic logic"within the category of pure law system,which can only be equivalent with the latter on the sense of"logic of norms applicable for law".To deny the validity of"logic of norms applicable for law",Kelsen defined the two foundational statements of"logic of norms"(i.e.law of contradiction&logical inference rules)as the transferred application[from facts to norms]of common formal logic.This transformation,obviously,cannot be sustainable.What has been deconstructed by Kelsen,however,is just the"logic of norms applicable for static law",where the combination of its replaceable method(i.e.correspondence)and"logic of norms applicable for dynamic law"[which is still valid]can be the substitution of original"logic of norms".Therefore,the function of"logic of norms"can be not exclusive in maintaining the selfsufficiency of pure law system.

关 键 词：规范逻辑 汉斯·凯尔森 纯粹法学 《规范的一般理论》 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]