海盗·富商·侨领:西属菲律宾华人长官黄康的生命史考察  

Pirate,Businessman,Leader:A Study of the Life of the Governor of Chinese Immigrants in the Spanish Philippines(1574-1603)

作　　者：李晨光 Li Chenguang

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院西方语言文化学院

出　　处：《全球史评论》2022年第1期205-217,339,共14页Global History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金2019年度冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项课题“16至19世纪西班牙外交档案中涉华信息的整理、编译和研究”(19VJX042)阶段性成果

摘　　要：16世纪60年代,西班牙人征服菲律宾群岛,在亚洲开辟了首个也是唯一的殖民地。中国和西班牙这两个当时世界上最为强大的国家,开始了在政治、经济、宗教、文化等各个领域的全方位接触和互动。在此历史背景下,祖籍福建的商人黄康1574年随明末著名海盗林凤抵达马尼拉。他入乡随俗,顺应菲律宾殖民政府的宗教政策,受洗后更名Juan Bautista de Vera,而后商而优则仕,利用殖民当局“华人制华”的政策设计,多次出任华人生活区八连(Parián)官职,但在马尼拉华人揭竿而起之际被西班牙人杀害以儆效尤。黄康的命运折射和印证了时代的变迁——中国人主动融入了近代早期的世界性网络,改变了自身的命运,也推动了全球化的演变和发展进程。In the 1560s,the Spanish conquered the Philippine Islands and opened up the first and only colony in Asia.China and Spain,the two most powerful countries in the world at the time,began contacts and interactions in multiple fields such as politics,economy,religion and culture.Under this historical background,Huang Kang,a businessman from Fujian,arrived in Manila in 1574 with a famous pirate Lin Feng in the Late Ming Dynasty.Huang Kang complied with the religious policy of the colonial government of the Philippines,baptized and renamed Juan Bautista de Vera.Then he served as an official in the administrative agency for the centralized management of Chinese settlements during the Spanish colonial period,Parián,following the policy designed as"Chinese control over Chinese".At last,during an armed uprising against the Spanish in Manila,Huang Kang had to face the dilemma and failed to mediate between the Chinese and Spanish.He was tragically killed by the Spanish in 1603 to serve as a warning to others.Huang Kang’s destiny reflects and confirms the changes of the times-the Chinese took the initiative to assimilate themselves into the worldwide connection in early modern period,which changed their own destiny and shaped the evolution and development of globalization.

关 键 词：中国 西班牙 菲律宾 移民 黄康 

分 类 号：D634.3[政治法律—政治学] K141[政治法律—中外政治制度] K827[历史地理—历史学]