纸张西传拜占庭:丝绸之路全球史的个案考察  

The Spreading of Paper into Byzantium:A Case Study of Global History on Silk Roads

作　　者：李强[1] Li Qiang

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学世界古典文明史研究所

出　　处：《全球史评论》2022年第1期93-106,335-336,共16页Global History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“阿加西阿斯《历史》译注与研究”(19FSSB011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：丝绸之路作为沟通古代欧亚大陆的道路网络,极大地推动了东西方世界的物质文化和精神文化的交流与传播。本文试图从发明于中国的纸张传到拜占庭帝国这一视角来阐释丝绸之路的全球史路径。发明于中国的纸张,在公元3世纪出现在西域,4世纪通过丝绸之路由粟特人传播至中亚。8世纪阿拉伯人征服中亚,在这里接触到纸张以及造纸的技术,在对造纸技术进行改造后,遂在中亚建立造纸工场并在8世纪末至9世纪向西部阿拉伯世界推广,纸张的使用随之从中亚扩展到整个阿拉伯世界。9世纪前后位于阿拉伯世界西部边缘的拜占庭帝国,可能由基督徒将纸张从阿拉伯世界带到了首都君士坦丁堡。10世纪以后,纸张在拜占庭得到了广泛的应用,并在11世纪成为帝国主要的书写材料。纸在拜占庭的应用,极大地推动了古典文化的复兴和拜占庭文化的发展,这为其后的西欧文艺复兴奠定了重要的基础。纸张跨越丝绸之路向拜占庭的传播及其间接对欧洲文明发展的影响,彰显了丝绸之路的全球史意义。Silk Roads,as a route network connecting the ancient Eurasian Continent,greatly promoted the exchange and spread of the material and spiritual culture in the West and East.The history of the communication on Silk Roads is a"global history"from the aspect of trans-regional mobility.With the perspective of paper’s spreading from China to Byzantium,this paper intends to expound the"global history"on Silk Roads.It shows that paper,invented in China,appeared in West Regions in the 3rd c.AD,and was spread to central Asia in the 4th c.by the Sogdians along Silk Roads.In the 8th c.,after conquering central Asia,the Arabs came into contact with paper and also the paper-making technology.With their improvement of the technology and openings of paper mill,paper was spread widely in the Arab world in the 9th c.In the meantime,paper had been spread into the Byzantine capital Constantinople,and the main bearer could be the Christians.In the 10th century,paper was widely used in Byzantium,and in the 11th century,it became the main writing material in the empire.The adoption of paper in Byzantium promoted the revival of the classical culture and the development of the Byzantine civilization,which laid an important foundation for the Western European Renaissance that followed.In all,from the spread of paper into Byzantium and its indirect impact on the development of European civilization,the"global history"on Silk Road is clearly illustrated.

关 键 词：丝绸之路 纸张 阿拉伯世界 拜占庭 

分 类 号：K134[历史地理—历史学] K103[历史地理—世界史]