“文明国”特例:日本与1919年华盛顿国际劳工大会  

An Exception of"Civilized Nations":Japan and Washington International-Labour Conference in 1919

作　　者：张亮[1] 王萌[2] Zhang Liang;Wang Meng

机构地区：[1]大连外国语大学马克思主义学院 [2]武汉大学历史学院

出　　处：《全球史评论》2021年第2期143-157,331-332,共17页Global History Review

基　　金：2019年度辽宁省社会科学规划基金青年项目“张学良军事思想研究”(项目编号:L19CZS002)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：第一次世界大战前后,确立八小时工作制等劳动制度成为国际劳动立法运动斗争的核心。随着一战后日本国际地位的提高,日本政府一改以往在国际劳动立法上的“失语”状态,决定派遣代表参加在美国华盛顿召开的首届国际劳工大会。大会上日本政府、资方、劳工代表间的激烈对立,不仅将日本的劳动问题暴露于世人面前,而且折射出英美两国在国际劳动立法理念上的差异。最终在英国的支持下,日本成为国际劳动标准上“文明国”的特例。日本在国际劳动立法运动中以“特殊国”自居,反映出日本政府及产业界对国际劳动立法精神的漠视。但国际劳工大会的召开为日本产业界采取以英美主导的全球化劳动标准提供了契机。In the period of the First World War,the establishment of eight hour working system and other labor systems became the core of the struggle of the World Labor Legislation Movement.As the improvement of Japan’s international status after the First World War,Japanese government intended to change her silent state totally in the international labor legislation movement,and made the decision to send the delegates to participate in the first International Labor Conference in Washington(1919).During the conference,the sharp division among the Japanese government,workers and employers exposed Japanese labor problems to the world.Besides,it also reflected the contravention and discrepancy on the international labor legislation between British and American.Supported by the Britain,Japan finally became the exception of"Civilized nation"in the international labor standard.Japan regarded itself as a"special nation"in the international labor legislation movement,which actually reflected the Japanese government and industry’s indifference to the spirit of international labor legislation.But the convening of the International Labor Conference provided an opportunity for Japanese industry to adopt global labor standards dominated by Britain and the United States.

关 键 词：华盛顿国际劳工大会 “文明国” 八小时工作制 日本劳动改革 

分 类 号：D411[政治法律—政治学]