经验者与一般民众的评价差异——看日本“裁判员制度”的实施经验及教训  

Experiences and Lessons of Japanese Lay Judge System——Viewed through the Differences of Evaluation between Experiencers and General Public

作　　者：张哲 

机构地区：[1]东京大学

出　　处：《清华法律评论》2022年第1期170-195,共26页Tsinghua Law Review

摘　　要：日本裁判员制度虽然获得了其经验者的好评,也在其身上收获了增进司法了解与信任以及民主教育的效果;但一般国民不仅对裁判员制度本身抱有失望和疑虑的情绪,对裁判员制度在经验者身上所取得的效果也并不认同。造成这一现象的原因是:经验者与一般国民间存在资讯落差、日本国民对其司法制度本来就抱有较高信任度、裁判员制度因其目标过于宏大及遭遇到具体技术性问题而使其目的不彰。为了弥合裁判员经验者与一般国民间的评价差异、实现裁判员制度的“司法正当化媒介”功用,需要明确和减轻裁判员经验者的保密义务,使其可以同一般国民分享参与经验以及转变官方对裁判员制度进行检验和宣传的角度。考虑到裁判员制度与人民陪审员制度在目标上的相似性,其经验教训亦可为我国当下进行的人民陪审员制度改革所借鉴。Japanese lay judge system was highly praised by her experiencers,and succeeded in achieving the effects of enhancing the understanding and trust of the judiciary and democratic education to experiencers.However,general public in Japan do not only feel disappointment and doubtful to the lay judge system,but also do not agree these effects to them either.Possible reasons of this phenomenon are:the gap of information on lay judge system between experiencers and general public,the original confidence of Japanese in their judicial system,and the failure of lay judge system because of some of its goals are excessively ambitious and some technical problems occurred in its implementation.For patching up the differences of evaluation for Japanese lay judge system between experiencers and general public and accomplishing the function of“legitimate mediation”,the obligation of confidentiality imposed on experiencers should be clarified and reduced,as well as the official perspectives of examining and propagating the lay judge system should be changed.In consider of the similarity of the target between Japanese lay judge system and the People’s Assessors System of China,the experiences and lessons of Japanese lay judge system can also be afforded as merit attention to the reform of People’s Assessors System.

关 键 词：裁判员制度 经验者 一般国民 评价差异 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学] D916