毛奇龄《西厢记》评点的“词例”论——对元杂剧批评范式的奠定  

Mao Qiling’s Comments on The Romance of the West Chamber and the Value of His Concept of “Lyric Example” in Literary Criticism

作　　者：杨绪容[1] Yang Xurong(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Shanghai University,Baoshan District,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海市宝山区200444

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2021年第2期167-178,共12页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“明清戏曲评点整理与研究”[编号18ZDA252]的阶段性成果

摘　　要：清初毛奇龄特地拈出"词例"作为评点《西厢记》的核心范畴。毛氏"词例"论多方面阐释了《西厢记》所有且兼通于一般元杂剧的语言、曲律、体制、表演的特点,论析了与之对应的批评标准与方法,初步奠定了元杂剧批评的基本范式,标志了清初戏曲批评的又一座高峰。毛氏提出"词例"论,其宗旨不仅在于为《西厢记》批评立范,还在于为元杂剧乃至中国戏曲批评立范,其中寄寓了他建设中国戏曲批评理论的自觉努力。毛氏"词例"论在中国文学批评史上具有重要意义,值得当今学术界深切关注。Theatre critics of the Ming dynasty spoke only occasionally about the"example(li)"of the Yuan-dynasty plays(za ju).In early Qing dynasty,Mao Qiling proposed"lyric example(ci li)"as the primary commentary approach to The Romance of the West Chamber.The concept of"lyric"refers to the Yuan-dynasty plays,and the concept of"example"refers to the conventions,commonalities,laws and paradigms.Mao’s concept of"lyric example"provided a comprehensive analysis of the language,the temperament,the system,and the performance as well as the critical standards in evaluating not only The Romance of the West Chamber but also the Yuan-dynasty plays in general.Mao’s concept was used both to criticize The Romance of the West Chamber but also to establish the norms for the Yuan-dynasty plays and even for Chinese plays in general.In other words,Mao’s engagement with The Romance of the West Chamber is his effort to establish a general theory for the criticism of Chinese theatre.Mao’s concept of"lyric example"is of great significance in the history of classical Chinese literary criticism and deserves great attention in contemporary scholarship.

关 键 词：词例 毛奇龄 《西厢记》评点 文学批评史价值 

分 类 号：I207.37[文学—中国文学] K247[历史地理—历史学]