烟叶陈化过程可培养微生物的生态功能  

Ecological function of culturable microorganisms during tobacco leaf aging

作　　者：牟丹 周家喜[1] 张鑫[2] 张晓敏 张庆明 邹晓[1] MOU Dan;ZHOU Jia-Xi;ZHANG Xin;ZHANG Xiao-Min;ZHANG Qing-Ming;ZOU Xiao(Department of Ecology,College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Shanghai Tobacco Group Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 200082,China;China Tobacco Guizhou Idustrial Co.Ltd.,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院生态系,贵州贵阳550025 [2]上海烟草集团有限责任公司,上海200082 [3]贵州中烟工业有限责任公司,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2020年第2期362-369,共8页Microbiology China

基　　金：贵州中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目[科创办(2018)5号,2016BY020-1];上海烟草集团有限责任公司科技项目(K2015-1-032P).

摘　　要：【背景】烟叶陈化涉及多方面因素的相互作用。【目的】研究烟叶表面可培养微生物群落结构、功能和化学成分之间的联系。【方法】以储存于贵阳库、坛厂库、茅台库的烟叶为研究对象,分别对不同陈化时间的烟叶样品进行微生物分离,采用rDNA条形码技术对微生物优势菌株进行物种鉴定,利用FAPROTAX和FUNGuild数据库分别对细菌和真菌进行功能注释,并结合主要化学成分进行相关分析。【结果】243个烟叶样品中共分离到189株优势细菌菌株和229株优势真菌菌株,其中细菌以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势种群,真菌以曲霉属(Aspergillus)和青霉属(Penicillium)为优势种群。随着陈化时间的延长,优势种群和优势功能类群比例逐渐降低,主要化学成分与微生物群落变化呈显著相关关系。【结论】微生物功能群通过结构变化推动烟叶陈化进程,同时陈化过程中主要化学成分的变化影响了微生物群落的组成与功能。[Background] Tobacco aging is a process involving the interaction of many factors. [Objective] In order to investigate the relationship between the structure, function and chemical composition of culturable microflora on the surface of aging tobacco leaves. [Methods] The microflora of tobacco leaves stored in Guiyang, Tanchang and Maotai storerooms were isolated at different aging time respectively. The function of bacteria and fungi were analyzed by annotating to the FAPROTAX and FUNGuild databases respectively. At the same time, combining with the main chemical components of tobacco samples, the correlation analysis of culturable microflora was carried out. [Results] The results showed that 189 strains of dominant bacteria and 229 strains of dominant fungi were isolated from 243 tobacco leaf samples. Altogether, Bacillus was the dominant population in bacteria, whereas Aspergillus and Penicillium were accounted for dominant fungal populations. With the extension of aging time, the proportion of dominant populations and dominant functional groups were decreased gradually, and in the other side, the main chemical substance was correlated with the change of microbial communities significantly. [Conclusion] It is demonstrate that the structural changes of microbial functional groups have a contribution to accelerate tobacco aging process. In turn, the changes of major chemical components during the aging process could affect the composition and function of microbial communities.

关 键 词：可培养微生物 rDNA条形码 优势种群 功能类群 化学成分 

分 类 号：TS414[农业科学—烟草工业]