未成年人保护立法的理念与制度体系  

The Rationale and Institutional System of Juvenile Law

作　　者：叶小琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2022年第3期724-743,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金重点项目“犯罪化的理论体系与实践机制研究”(项目编号:21AFX010)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：通过将美国少年法院法视为现代少年刑法的历史起源,我国法学界引入保护主义研究未成年人法。然而保护主义在建构层面忽视美国干预主义和转处主义的理念鸿沟,体系论层面也没有形成阐释未成年人犯罪特殊法律责任制度的基本概念和理论框架。基于社会系统论的分析表明,围绕多元主义的立法理念,我国形成了具有不同基本功能的“三根支柱”制度体系。“第一根支柱”秉承支持主义理念,将未成年人视为未来的有效人力资本,健全支持积极生育及未成年人合法权益保障的制度。“第二根支柱”秉承矫治主义理念,将未成年人视为容易被环境诱使实施违法犯罪行为的高危人群,健全分级矫治未成年人罪错行为的制度。“第三根支柱”秉承转处主义理念,将未成年人视为年幼的犯罪人,健全科学惩罚涉罪未成年人的制度。此外,涉罪未成年人保护刑事立法还具有“保护区”“试验田”和“连通器”的具体功能。By regarding the American juvenile jurisprudence as the historical origin of modern juvenile criminal law,China’s legal scholars have introduced the rationale of protection to study juvenile law.However,at the level of legal construction,the rationale of protection ignores the gap between interventionism and diversion in America,and at the systematic level it cannot provide basic concept and theoretical framework to explain the special legal liability system for juvenile delinquent.Based on social system theory,it is shown that according to the rationale of pluralism,China has formed a three-pillar system with different basic functions.The first pillar adheres to the rationale of support,regards juveniles as effective human capital in the future,and improves the system of supporting active childbirth and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of juveniles.The second pillar adheres to the rationale of correction,regards juveniles as high-risk groups easy to be tempted by the environment to commit illegal and criminal acts,and improves the system to correct juveniles of committing illegal and criminal acts.The third pillar adheres to the rationale of diversion,regards juveniles as young offenders,and improves the system of scientifically punishing minors committing crime.Moreover,the criminal law for protecting juvenile delinquent has three specific functions of“protected area”,“experimental field”and“connector”.

关 键 词：未成年人法 社会系统论 支持主义 矫治主义 转处主义 

分 类 号：D922.183[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]