专利确权的属性重释与模式选择  

Nature and Model of Patent Validity Examination

作　　者：李雨峰 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2022年第3期663-682,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“高质量发展时期网络知识产权治理体系研究”(项目编号:20ZDA063);国家社科基金重点项目“专利确权机制改革研究”(项目编号:19AFX016)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：发明创造获得专利权之后,对专利权效力的审查存在行政和司法两种确权模式,多数国家以一种模式为主,辅之另外一种模式进行矫正。我国专利确权采取的是行政模式,产生了程序冗长、关联诉讼、角色错位等问题。从申请人角度看,专利确权反映的是发明创造最终应否获得专利权的问题;从确权机构角度看,专利确权体现了行政确认的属性,具有一定的财产管理性质。就专利权而言,发明人的贡献是权利基础,国家专利行政机构的“登记”是行政确认,具有划定权利边界的功能。在管理知识财产的方法上,存在着事先管理和事后管理两种方法,不同的财产形态采取了不同的管理方法。在国家专利行政机构和司法机构之间,对专利采取哪种管理方法,重要的考量要素是效率。我国《专利法》应当引入司法确权,对其权限进行合理配置,以克服行政确权的局限。After an invention is patented,the validity of the patent can be examined through administrative or judicial proceedings.Most countries adopt one as the primary approach and supplement it with another.China adopts the administrative proceeding to examine the validity of patents,causing problems like lengthy proceedings,correlative lawsuits,and rolesmisalignment.From the applicant’s point of view patent validity examination shows whether a patent should be granted;from the examiners,Patent validity examination reflects the attribute of administrative affirmation,also with a certain nature of property management.As for patent rights,the foundation of such rights is the inventor’s contribution.Examination and registration by national patent administrative agency are administrative affirmation to demarcate the boundaries of rights.Ex-ante management and ex-post management are the two ways to manage intellectual property,deciding by the forms of property.Efficiency is critical for deciding which management way should be adopted for patents between administration and judiciary.The Chinese Patent Law should introduce the approach of judicial examination and reasonably allocate its authority to overcome the limitations of administrative proceedings.

关 键 词：专利确权 司法确权 确权属性 财产管理 二元模式 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]