航空公司实质所有与有效控制权自由化的演化、问题与展望  

The Evolution, Problems and Prospects of Liberalization of Airlines Substantial Ownership and Effective Control

作　　者：周亚光 

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2020年第1期98-121,共24页Wuhan University International Law Review

摘　　要：国际航空运输协定与各国国内法均要求:被本国指定从事国际运输的航空公司之实质所有与有效控制权为本国或其国民所有。在国际条约层面,实质所有与有效控制权条款虽是出于国家安全的考虑而设计,但在航空大国主张的"天空开放"背景下表现出逐步自由化的趋势。在国内法层面,各法域亦逐渐采取放松限制的立场,但在制度设计方面仍存在重大差异。目前,实质所有与有效控制权条款的自由化路径主要有专门性多边条约、建立多国航空公司、国内法渐进式趋同三种方式。中国应首先完善本国立法,为双边条约的更新与互惠谈判提供国内法支持;同时在"空中丝绸之路"层面建立多国航空公司;在专门性多边条约的发展方面,则宜遵循跟进策略。Both the international air transport agreements and the national laws require that international airlines must be substantially owned by their governments and/or by the citizens of their countries of nationality,and that they must be effectively controlled by those governments and/or citizens.At the international treaty level,although the substantial ownership and effective control clause is generated by national security,it shows a trend of gradual liberalization in the context of the"open sky"policy advocated by aero-powers.At the national law level,legislation is gradually moving towards liberalization,but there are major differences among jurisdictions.At present,the liberalization of the substantial ownership and effective control mainly includes three approaches:developing of specialized multilateral treaty,establishing multinational airlines and gradual convergence of national laws.China should improve its national legislation to provide a basis for the renewal and reciprocal negotiations of bilateral treaties firstly,while establishing multinational airlines at the level of the Air Silk Road,and keeping pace with the development of specialized multilateral treaties.

关 键 词：国际航空运输 国际航空运输协定 实质所有与有效控制权 自由化路径 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]