利用香菇菌渣配制西瓜育苗基质研究  

Study on Watermelon Seedling Substrate Prepared with Mushroom Residue

作　　者：冯锐 朱丹 周慧 刘鹏 陈学东 张建华 马聪 Feng Rui;Zhu Dan;Zhou Hui;Liu Peng;Chen Xuedong;Zhang Jianhua;Ma Cong(Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information Technology,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业经济与信息技术研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2023年第10期23-29,共7页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2020BBF03006);宁夏回族自治区重大科技成果转化项目(2022CJE09001);宁夏农林科学院农业自主科技创新专项“对外科技合作”项目(DWX-2020007)。

摘　　要：为充分利用香菇菌渣资源,提高农业废弃物综合利用率,以腐熟的香菇菌渣和细沙制成的混合物(菌渣与细沙体积比为1∶1)为主料,以蛭石和珍珠岩为辅料,市售基质为对照,按照三因素多水平完全试验设计共设置17个处理,分析不同基质配方的物理性质及其对西瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,含有菌渣混合物的基质容重较大,基本符合育苗基质的要求,但总孔隙度、通气孔隙度和持水孔隙度都小于相关要求;方差分析结果显示,物料组成对基质容重、持水孔隙度、幼苗优苗率、株高和壮苗指数均影响较大。相关性分析结果显示,基质容重在一定范围内与幼苗优苗率成显著正相关(P<0.05),与生物量成极显著负相关(P<0.01);T10处理的优苗率和壮苗指数均显著高于对照(CK)(P<0.05),但植株干物质量、根长、茎粗等指标均无显著差异(P>0.05),推荐T10处理(混合物∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为2∶2∶0)在西瓜育苗中应用推广。In order to fully utilize resources of mushroom residue and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of agricultural waste,a mixture of decomposed mushroom residue and fine sand(with a volume ratio of 1∶1)as the main material,supplemented with vermiculite and perlite,and commercial substrate as the control,was used to set up a total of 17 treatments based on a three-factor multifactorial experiment design.The physical properties of different substrates and their influence on the growth of watermelon seedlings were analyzed.The results showed that the substrate containing the mushroom residue mixture had a higher bulk density,which basically met the requirements of seedling substrate,but the total porosity,air-filled porosity and water-holding porosity were all lower than the relevant requirements.The analysis of variance results indicated that the material composition had a significant impact on bulk density,water-holding porosity,seedling quality,plant height and seedling index.The correlation analysis results showed that within a certain range,bulk density was significantly positively correlated with seedling quality(P<0.05)and significantly negatively correlated with biomass(P<0.01).The seedling quality and seedling index of the T10 treatment were significantly higher than those of the control(CK)(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in plant dry matter,root length,stem diameter,and other indicators(P>0.05).It is recommended to promote the application of the T10 treatment(mixture∶vermiculite∶perlite=2∶2∶0)in watermelon seedling cultivation.

关 键 词：香菇菌渣 基质 西瓜育苗 壮苗指数 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]